[b] Newly enthroned Ottoman rulers were girded with the Sword of Osman, an important ceremony that served as the equivalent of European monarchs' coronation. Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later.
The Oneness of Islam), CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Names of the sultan in languages used by ethnic minorities, Stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire, Hatt-ı Sharif (Imperial Edict) of Gülhane, Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Reform Edict), "The Race, Religions, and Government of the Ottoman Empire", "Website of the 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire", "Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman Dynasty", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sultans_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&oldid=982273038, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Acquired the control of the eastern part of the Anatolian territory as the Co-Sultan just after the defeat of the, Became the sole ruler of the Anatolian territory of the, Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son. Support us. [a] He was theoretically responsible only to God and God's law (the Islamic شریعت şeriat, known in Arabic as شريعة sharia), of which he was the chief executor. This in turn explains why from the 17th century onwards a deceased sultan was rarely succeeded by his own son, but usually by an uncle or brother.
The "Notes" column contains information on each sultan's parentage and fate. He was the supreme military commander and had the official title to all land.
[6] All offices were filled by his authority, and every law was issued by him in the form of a decree called firman (فرمان). The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the Kayı tribe of the Oghuz Turks.
Continuingly, the tughras were the calligraphic seals or signatures used by Ottoman sultans. [14] Although Abdul Hamid II abolished the parliament and the constitution to return to personal rule in 1878, he was again forced in 1908 to reinstall constitutionalism and was deposed.
Sarhoş (The Drunk), (The Unifier of Dīn (Islam)
[5], Names of the sultan in languages used by ethnic minorities:[4]. The empire came into existence at the end of the thirteenth century, and its first ruler (and the namesake of the Empire) was Osman I.According to later, often unreliable Ottoman tradition, Osman was a descendant of the Kayı tribe of the Oghuz Turks.
Political decisions had to take into account the opinions and attitudes of important members of the dynasty, the bureaucratic and military establishments, as well as religious leaders.
The partitioning of the Empire by the victorious Allies and the ensuing Turkish War of Independence led to the abolition of the sultanate in 1922 and the birth of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1922. Since 2017, the head of the House of Osman has been Dündar Ali Osman, a great-grandson of Abdul Hamid II.[15]. [1], The Ottoman Empire's early years have been the subject of varying narratives due to the difficulty of discerning fact from legend. The table below lists Ottoman sultans, as well as the last Ottoman caliph, in chronological order. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north to Yemen in the south, and from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east. [3], The sultan was also referred to as the Padishah (Ottoman Turkish: پادشاه, romanized: pâdişâh, French: Padichah).
By the second half of the fifteenth century, the sultan sat at the apex of a hierarchical system and acted in political, military, judicial, social, and religious capacities under a variety of titles. [4] In several European languages, he was referred to as the Grand Turk, as the rule of the Turks. This page was last edited on 7 October 2020, at 04:20. Kings & Generals.
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