Signs of poisoning can occur within 30 minutes to a few hours after exposure, depending on the size of the dog, the type of toxin, the toxin concentration, and how much toxin the dog has ingested. If you have a chronic respiratory condition, avoid beaches during HAB events. Some beach areas may be more affected than others during a HAB event. You can also use Fisheries’ Dolphin and Whale 911 app for Apple devices to report a stranded marine mammal. Climate change is likely to increase the threats of most HABs that threaten Alaska. Red tide is a common name for algal blooms, which are large concentrations of aquatic microorganisms, such as protozoans and unicellular algae (e.g. The Monitoring of and Event Response to Harmful Algal Blooms program focuses on a practical approach to methods for testing technologies to detect toxins in the cells of the algae and characterize their abundance. For example, red tides in Florida can last as little as a few weeks to longer than a year. In general, more phytoplankton means more food and oxygen for everything else in the ocean, but occasionally plankton blooms are hazardous to human or marine life. Climate change is likely to increase the threats of most HABs that threaten Alaska. There has never been a documented human case of amnesic shellfish poisoning in Alaska, although domoic acid has been found in the tissue of marine mammals harvested all over the state. With that caveat in mind, it is possible to make some broad guesses based on climate trends here and current conditions in other states. There are many kinds of HABs, caused by a variety of algal groups with different toxins. Monitoring Group: Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Monitoring Group: Native Village of Kotzebue, Monitoring Group: NOAA’s Kasitsna Bay Laboratory, Monitoring Group: Southeast Alaska Tribal Ocean Research (SEATOR), National, regional and statewide HABs programs, Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA). There are records of HABs from early European colonists arriving to Florida in the 1500s. HAB species and their impacts vary significantly from region to region. Information on the health effects of HABs on marine animals, shellfish, and people is available from NOAA, the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. States have rigorous monitoring programs to ensure that commercially harvested fish and shellfish are safe to eat. HABs occur in all U.S. waters. They are caused by diverse organisms, including toxic and noxious phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, benthic algae, and macroalgae. Reporting sick, injured, entangled, stranded, or dead animal is the best way to make sure professional responders and scientists know about it and can take appropriate action. Some of these harmful algal blooms (HABs) are dangerous, producing toxins that can kill marine organisms, taint shellfish, cause skin irritations, and even foul the air. These nutrients are food for algae. Some marine HABs also affect the central nervous system of fish, marine mammals, and birds. While all phytoplankton blooms are good for some organisms and bad for others, HABs are typically defined by their impacts to humans, their property, or the marine animals or resources that we care about. blooms do not always produce toxins. to avoid releasing young fish when their gills would be damaged by the spines. Cyanobacteria, a type of photosynthetic bacteria also known as blue-green algae, are often the cause of algal blooms in freshwater and occasionally in marine water. The HABs in fresh and marine waters are usually very different, but they overlap in low salinity estuaries (places where rivers meet the sea). To address the health and economic risks from HABs, communities, shellfish-growers, and researchers are already forming regional HAB monitoring groups. This method involves a modified clay mineral that, when dispersed into the ocean surface, binds with red tide cells and the toxins they produce and carries them to the seafloor where they are eventually buried. In especially dense blooms of other phytoplankton species, opaque or dark-colored cells can make it difficult for marine predators to find prey. Alternatively, dinoflagellates and diatoms, different types of phytoplankton, are the most common HAB species in marine and brackish waters, including estuaries.

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