[170], Knox called the Italian attacks into the Alps a "fiasco", which had morale implications for the Italian generals and noted that the campaign was a humiliation for Mussolini. The results of the action were unimpressive: fifteen civilians killed and no industrial targets damaged.[100]. The French refused the demands, believing the true Italian intention was the territorial acquisition of Nice, Corsica, Tunisia, and Djibouti.

[143] Near the coast the French had the greatest concentration of forces, about 38,000 troops. [113] On 21 June, nine Italian bombers attacked the French destroyer Le Malin, but scored no hits. [22] Rather, the pact was designed for a "joint war against France and Britain", although the Italian hierarchy held the understanding that such a war would not take place for several years. [o] Admiral Domenico Cavagnari, chief of staff of the Italian navy, held an opposing view to a decisive battle between the opposing fleets.
According to Roatta, it was Mussolini's signorilità (sportsmanship) that compelled him not to demand more than he had conquered. A machine gun unit relieved them and they abandoned the assault, continuing instead to Séez. Fascist foreign policy took for granted that the democracies—Britain and France—would someday need to be faced down. Starting in 1938, General Alberto Pariani[i] initiated a series of reforms that radically altered the army.

War. Over a three-day period, with firing delayed and interrupted by adverse weather, the French were able to silence six of the eight armoured turrets of the Italian fort in only 57 shots. France no allies 23 May 2016 - 16 Aug 2016 Italy no allies This war is no longer active.

La Curieuse also sustained heavy damage. [180] All Italian prisoners of war—there is no record of how many there were, perhaps 1,141[181]—were released immediately, but the armistice negotiators seem to have forgotten the French prisoners, who were sent to the camp at Fonte d'Amore near Sulmona, later joined by 200 British and 600 Greeks. It also requests that he convey to the Italian government its desire to find together the basis of a lasting peace between the two countries." Rather, four French cruisers supported by three destroyers conducted a patrol of the Aegean Sea during the opening days of the war with Italy while much of the French submarine fleet put to sea. [148], Graziani then modified his directive of 16 June: now, the main goal of the offensive was Marseille. [150] The total strength of the French in the barrage of Bourg-Saint-Maurice, part of the sub-sector (sous-secteur) of Tarentaise, was 3,000 men, 350 machine guns and 150 other guns. The regime also sought to establish protective patron–client relationships with Austria, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria, which all lay on the outside edges of its European sphere of influence.
This final edition of the offensive plan had only two main actions, Operation M through the Little Saint Bernard and Operation R along the Riviera, the action in the Maddalena Pass being reduced to a diversionary advance. [183] MacGregor Knox wrote that the claims of Ciano and Alfieri are fanciful but "Mussolini's humiliation over the results of the first day's attack in the Alps ... did contribute to his decision to reduce his demands". Tunisia! Savoy!


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