This review highlights the importance of selecting appropriate outcome measures when assessing the potential impact of each intervention. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy.

The effect of the Nintendo Wii Fit on balance control and gross motor function of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy, An intensive virtual reality program improves functional balance and mobility of adolescents with cerebral palsy, Balance training with visual feedback in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: effect on stance and gait, Effects of neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT) for cerebral palsy: an AACPDM evidence report, Evaluation of lower body positive pressure supported treadmill training for children with cerebral palsy, Effect of constraint induced movement therapy on gait, balance, and functional locomotor ability, Effect of Forced Use Therapy on posture in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a pilot study, Virtual reality as a therapeutic modality for children with cerebral palsy, Changes in trunk and head stability in children with cerebral palsy after hippotherapy: a pilot study, Effect of therapeutic horseback riding on posture in children with cerebral palsy, Robotic‐assisted treadmill therapy improves walking and standing performance in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, Effects of partial body weight supported treadmill training on children with cerebral palsy, Using whole‐body vibration training in patients affected with common neurological diseases: a systematic literature review, Transversus abdominis and obliquus internus activity during pilates exercises: measurement with ultrasound scanning, Immediate changes in feedforward postural adjustments following voluntary motor training, The build‐up of anticipatory behaviour an analysis of the development of gait initiation in children, Virtual Reality for Rehabilitation. 0000010088 00000 n This dysfunction is known to contribute to limitations in gross motor skills that require balance,16 especially gait,17, 18 during upper limb activities such as reaching,19 and during oral motor activities such as eating, swallowing, and speaking.20 These limitations restrict participation across a broad range of life domains, including self‐care, education, and recreation.21 Despite the significant impact that postural control dysfunction has on the activity and participation of children with CP, and indeed their caregivers, optimal interventions for this core deficit are not well understood. The effects of different physiotherapy interventions on the activities of daily living and the quality of life in children with cerebral palsy. Effective elements of hippotherapy are proposed to include the horse's movement, which has been suggested to challenge balance, improve posture and strength while incorporating sensory input,67 and simulate human gait and the vertical change in the centre of pressure;68 and the warmth and rhythm of the horse, which may promote relaxation, thereby reducing spasticity and increasing muscle length.53 Hippotherapy may also provide the opportunity for trunk muscle motor control training, similar to that achieved with therapy ball activities. In contrast, there was only weak evidence supporting the use of treadmill training with F‐BWS or P‐BWS for semi‐ambulant children (GMFCS II–III), despite a higher dose of 15 hours (5wks×4 sessions×45min).55 This is not surprising given that the goal of treadmill training is to improve anticipatory and reactive postural adjustments, which are reduced when robotic support is present.69 A systematic review of P‐BWS treadmill training, including robotic assistance, for children with CP, supports these findings, concluding that while treadmill training with P‐BWS is effective for improving important gait elements, such as endurance, speed, and gait patterns,70 there is a need for further research, with standardized protocols, to determine if it is effective in improving postural control for children with lower‐level mobility. Functional electrical stimulation of the ankle dorsiflexors during walking in spastic cerebral palsy: a systematic review. CP (spastic diplegic); GMFCS I–II; 10–12y; Biodex, DSL level 12: movement of COP with visual feedback, Biodex: COP pathway in response to perturbation calculation of falls risk, A (d4103, d4104–d4106, d4153‐d4154, d4200, d4452. Six databases were searched using the following keywords: (‘cerebral palsy’ OR ‘brain injury’); AND (‘postur*’ OR ‘balance’ OR ‘postural balance’ [MeSH]); AND (‘intervention’ OR ‘therapy’ OR ‘exercise’ OR ‘treatment’).


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