Following the death of King Sebastian, Antonio had put forward his own claim, but his pretensions were overlooked in favour of Cardinal Henry. This led to a revolution in 1640, sixty years after its creation. The death of Sebastian I in 1578 saw a dynastic crisis that was resolved in 1580 when Spain’s Phillip II invaded Portugal. This led to a revolution in 1640, sixty years after its creation. On July 24, 1580, António proclaimed himself King of Portugal in Santarém, followed by acclamation in several locations throughout the country; his domestic government lasted for 20 days, until he was defeated in the Battle of Alcântara by Habsburg armies led by the Duke of Alba. Henry had served as regent for Sebastian after 1562, and succeeded him as king after the disastrous Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578. If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in. Then—just as in 1580—the king of Castile had invoked blood descent to inherit the Portuguese throne; and the Master of Aviz (John I), illegitimate son of King Peter I, asserted his right to the throne at the Battle of Aljubarrota, which ended in a victory for John's troops, and in the Cortes of Coimbra in 1385. John was raised to the throne of Portugal (of which he was then held to be the legitimate heir) during the coup d'etat effected on December 1, 1640 against King Philip IV.
... and a large slice of its Atlantic seaboard has long remained politically separate from the Spanish regions. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, who had in 1580 claimed the Portuguese crown, and son of Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza (who died insane in 1630). It was precisely because of his illegitimacy that his claim to the throne was weak and considered invalid. Portugal and Spain were again split.
Spanish–Portuguese War may refer to one of the following conflicts between Portugal and Spain (or between Portugal and Castile before 1492): . Psychiatrists use the term "sibling rivalry" to express the jealous and sometimes resentful feelings between brothers and sisters in the same household and apparently this applies to nations as well as individuals. Although Jews have often been used as pawns of the ambitions of rival states, the Iberian case is so persistent and has endured so long - even into the twentieth century when both countries had only miniscule Jewish populations - that it demands a more thorough investigation.
After his defeat in the Azores, António went into exile in France—traditional enemy of the Habsburgs—and courted the support of England. It was even proposed to move the Imperial capital to Lisbon. In January 1580, when the Cortes Gerais were assembled in Almeirim to decide upon an heir, the old Cardinal-King Henry died and the Regency of the Kingdom was assumed by a Council of five members. Strong centrifugal tendencies exist within the Peninsula, as we now see from the current pressure for increased regional autonomy in Spain, and a large slice of its Atlantic seaboard has long remained politically separate from the Spanish regions. However, Portugal saw its wealth gradually decreasing.
Philip II was a foreigner (although his mother was Portuguese) and descended from Manuel I by a female line; as for Anthony, although he was Manuel I's grandson in the male line, he was of illegitimate birth. About twenty thousand Portuguese New Christians left Portugal for Spain as the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions were separate and no extradition provision exÂisted. Ultimately, Philip III tried to make Portugal a Spanish province, and Portuguese nobles stood to lose all of their power.
The arrival of Spanish & Italian forces. After the fall of Lisbon, he purported to rule the country from Terceira Island, in the Azores, where he established a government in exile until 1583; António even had coins minted—a typical assertion of sovereignty and royalty. His government in Terceira island was only recognized in the Azores, whereas on the continent and in the Madeira Islands power was exercised by Philip II, who was acclaimed king in 1580 as Philip I of Portugal and recognized as official king by the Cortes of Tomar in 1581. But the course of historical, cultural, and even economic development does not always obligingly reinforce 'natural' physical patterns. Some authors consider him the last monarch of the House of Aviz (instead of Cardinal-King Henry) and the 18th King of Portugal. Philip II had a legitimate claim to the throne, but as with many other dynastic struggles of the age, it was shrouded in controversy.
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