The ‘Invincible Armada’ – a fleet of 130 warships and supply ships, led by Duke Medina Sidonia – was to sail from Lisbon via Corunna, link up with the Army of Flanders, led by Allessando Farnese, the Duke of Parma. Had the Army of Flanders made it across the English channel there is little doubt there would have been ‘regime change’ in Protestant England. On 2 October Mountjoy laid siege to Kinsale and reinforcements were brought in through Oysterhaven, bringing the army's complement up to 12,000 including a large force under Irish nobleman Donogh O'Brien, 4th Earl of Thomond. The Spaniards of course never expected to arrive on Ireland’s west coast in 1588. Although substantially weaker than the great armada sent in 1588, two more armadas were sent by Spain in 1596 and 1597, but both were once more scattered by storms. English guns damaged the Armada and a Spanish ship was captured by Sir Francis Drake in the English Channel. Perhaps some budding historian can use this for a Phd thesis?? Many ships were wrecked on the coasts of Scotland and Ireland and more than a third of the initial 130 ships failed to return. The galleons San Mateo and San Felipe drifted away in a sinking condition, ran aground on the island of Walcheren the next day and were taken by the Dutch.

Their fleet may have been smaller than the Armada, but in terms of well armed warships, suitable for northern seas the English may even have had the edge.

Hi, I have been researching my mothers maiden name of Cervante which became the English version of Servante.

Medina Sidonia was an aristocrat without naval command experience but was made commander by King Philip II. Required fields are marked *, Powered by Pinboard Theme by One Designs and WordPress. Thus, Spain remained the predominant power in Europe for several decades.[65]. This problem seems to have been overlooked by the Spanish planners, but it was insurmountable. With its superior manoeuvrability, the English fleet provoked Spanish fire while staying out of range. The remaining 4000 men disembarked at Kinsale, just south of Cork on 2 October 1601.

Holmes, Richard; Marix Evans, Martin: Aubrey N. Newman, David T. Johnson, P.M. Jones (1985), "The Safeguard of the Sea, A Naval History of Britain, 660–1649", N. A. M. Rodgers, Penguin, 2004, pp. The  MacWilliam Burkes of north Mayo, for instance revolted after the English attempted to back an unpopular candidate for chieftain in 1585. In 1594, forces in Ulster under the previously loyal Earl of Tyrone, Hugh O'Neill, rebelled. The Armada was in a crescent-shaped defensive formation, convex toward the east. I was hoping to give him some more background information as this is the county from where my great grandfather came to America. Nearly half the fleet were not built as warships and were used for duties such as scouting and dispatch work, or for carrying supplies, animals and troops.[38]. As the reception of the Armada off Ireland’s west coast in 1588 would show, however, the reality of Irish politics was far more complex and fragmented. The Presidency worked to the advantage of the two biggest Lords in Connacht – O’Brien of Thomond (in modern Clare, then considered part of Connacht) and Burke of Clanricard (in modern south and east Galway), whose leading families kept a firm grip on succession and who consolidated their power over their dependent clans with English backing.

Owing to Spanish involvement, and the strategic advantages to be gained, the battle also formed part of the Anglo-Spanish War, the wider conflict of Protestant England against Catholic Spain. Ireland was in middle of a process of violent absorption into the English monarchy – what the English described a ‘civil reformation’. Del Águila, the Spanish commander, was an experienced soldier and put up a fierce defence. It had no permanent standing army and though it controlled (as yet shakily) the Kingdom of Ireland, its foreign possessions paled in comparison with those of the Spanish monarchy – including only some outposts in north America and in modern Bangladesh. On September 16, 1588 seven Spanish ships appeared off Liscannor, sighted by Nicholas Cahane, an agent of Boetius Clancy, the High Sherriff of County Clare. Spain still had numerically larger fleets but England was catching up. England as yet was a bit player. [10]. The blessing of the Armada's banner on 25 April 1588 was similar to the ceremony used prior to the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Hugh Roe O'Donnell and Hugh Maguire joined … rank or social status] whatsoever’ was startlingly ruthless. Dubhdarach O’Malley Roe, on Clare Island, for instance killed the Spanish survivors and kept their gold for himself. In three columns, led by Richard Tyrell, Hugh O'Neill, and O'Donnell, they marched toward a night attack, but, owing to a lack of coordination and possible arguments between the commanders, they had failed to reach their destination by dawn. Because of the threat of invasion from the Netherlands, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester assembled a force of 4,000  militia at West Tilbury, Essex, to defend the Thames Estuary against any incursion up-river toward London. [citation needed], The memory of the victory over the Armada was evoked during both the Napoleonic Wars and the Second World War, when Britain again faced a substantial danger of foreign invasion. The Spanish Armada, also known as the ‘Invincible Armada’ (La Armada Invencible), was an attempt by the Spanish King Phillip II at a seaborne invasion of the Kingdom of England.

Elsewhere though, the English presence provoked serious violence. It took a day for the English fleet to regroup and the Armada gained a day's grace.

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