Though the fleet was commanded by Lord Admiral Howard, he effectively handed power to Sir Francis Drake. A few days later the Castillo Negro disappeared, with 310 souls onboard, somewhere along the same coast. After drifting into the North Sea, unable to return to Spain through the channel, the remainder of the fleet faced a perilous voyage home through the unfamiliar waters and worsening weather around Scotland and Ireland. Under the military command of the mighty Duke of Parma, Spanish forces had ventured north and besieged the Dutch, driving the rebels into a tiny area of remote islands. Somewhere on the seabed of the northern coast, the treasures and secrets of those lost ships wait to be found. Threats from within were now compounded by threats from without. The omens were bad from the beginning. Only five bodies were ever recovered. All in all 5,000 men drowned or, having survived the shipwrecks, were captured and executed by the British.

A wreck believed to be a ship from the Spanish Armada, discovered by archaeologists off the coast of County Donegal, is to be excavated by the Irish government. Sailing too close to Irish shores, over two dozen ships, each with bounty and crew, ploughed into coastal rocks as north as Donegal as south as Kerry. Once in-laws, when Phillip was married to Elizabeth's elder sister Mary, the Spanish king was determined to overthrow the new Protestant regime in Britain introduced by Henry VIII.

* By WM. Has there been any genetic markers detected? Scotland would soon fall. The Barca de Amburg, a cargo ship, began taking in water and was abandoned, capsizing somewhere off the north coast of Antrim. Hulls were held together by rope and water was being taken in as fast as it was being bailed out.

By the time he realised, it was too late. Setting sail from Lisbon with over a hundred ships, nearly 20,000 soldiers and over 8000 sailors they were delayed for several months at Coruna in the Galician region of northern Spain, due to gale force winds. From landing it was estimated that within a week resistance would collapse and London would fall. Her crew comprised of 71 sailors and she carried 271 soldiers according to the Lisbon muster list. Capt. There, on the west coast, she picked up over 800 men including the crew of the Rata Encoronada, who had holed up in an abandoned castle after their ship had run aground. Did Genghis Khan use kittens as weapons?! Read about our approach to external linking. Yet what seemed destined to be an unstoppable blitzkrieg was already being undermined. Ruling over a quarter of western Europe’s population with an empire larger then that of Rome at its peak, the forces of the Catholic kingdom had overwhelmed Dutch resistance and seized strongholds in the Lowlands. A wreck believed to be a ship from the Spanish Armada, discovered by archaeologists off the coast of County Donegal, is to be excavated by the Irish government. The Last Resting Place of the Spanish Armada.

It met with armed resistance in the English Channel, when a fireship attack off Calais broke its formation, and was driven into the North Sea after the Battle of Gravelines. As it happened Sidonia had lost his nerve and had already plotted course for home - not through the Channel but by circumnavigating the coasts of Scotland, the Northern Isles and Ireland - a suicidal course given the weather conditions. A straggle of ships made it to Blasket Sound in Co Kerry, only to witness the terrifying sight of the Santa Maria de la Rosa sailing in, firing shots, dropping her anchor and immediately and inexplicably sinking with all hands on board. Continually battered by storms and suffering from a broken rudder, she was forced to take refuge at Killybegs. It's thought that up to 24 ships were wrecked along the north and west coasts of Ireland as the Armada made its way home after defeat at the hands of the English. In the late 16th century, Spain was the world’s leading superpower.

So how did the pride of the greatest naval force of its time drift hundred of miles off course and finally end up broken and capsized all over the coast of the north of Ireland? The myth of British Imperial invincibility had been born and would grow with time.
In the summer of 1588 the Spanish Armada set sail for England after decades of hostility between Spain's catholic King Philip II and the protestant Queen Elizabeth I of England. "It could provide huge insight into life on board and the reality of the military and naval resources available to the Armada campaign", he said. Ruled by the autocrat King Philip II, the Spanish Empire stretched through the entire Iberian Peninsula, most of Italy, Mexico and as far as the Philippines. (as did the Trinidad Valencera, wrecked at Kinnagoe Bay, Co. Donegal) Her original Home Port was Barcelona and the intact  rudder viewed by divers in 1985 was identified as of Catalan design and construction. In an extremely risky move the English pursued the Spanish -despite having no ammunition. Already deteriorating from the battles and the rough seas, the ships were on a collision course. A year earlier Elizabeth had her half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, beheaded after implicating her in plots to assassinate the regent and install a Catholic regime.

Their fates have attained mythical status. The University of Ulster’s Centre of Maritime Archaeology in Coleraine has obtained hi-tech sonar equipment previously restricted to use by the navy. BT48 6HJ, ph: 028 7126 0562 From the beginning its commander, the Duke of Medina Sidonia, was reluctant to pilot the venture to an almost superstitious degree. The crumbling castles and forts of the southern coast could be easily blown away by Spain’s artillery. Further west the Trinidad Valencera was so badly damaged it was forced to run aground on a reef at Kinnagoe Bay in Inishowen, in an effort to save its crew. The rest sank to the bottom or were washed away by currents. SPOTSWOOD GREEN, M.A., F.R.G.S., M.R.I.A., Chief Inspector of Irish Fisheries. Poised on the domination of western Europe, King Philip turned his attention to Britain. Maimed during the storms off Coruna, the ship played little part in the ensuing battles and managed to make it to the coast of Ireland. Her commander was a Captain Bartolo, presumed perished at Streedagh. It will take explorers as gifted as Robert Stenuit or as resourceful as the City of Derry divers to find them. Many men would never recover. In Galway the entire crew of the Falco Blanco Mediano were brutally executed by British forces. Amongst the discoveries were gold and silver coins, gunshot, navigational apparatus and lapis lazuli portraitures of Roman Emperors. Minister Jimmy Deenihan said that he was "delighted" to be able to support investigations into "a major find of significance not only to Ireland but also to the international archaeological, historical and maritime communities". The Geological Survey of Ireland will supply one of its research vessels, the RV Keary, free of charge as the main dive vessel. A gold cross of a Knight of Santiago, another of a Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, an ornamented gold-laden bowl with carvings of St Julien and a peartree, a bosun’s pipe and cutlery made of silver. The Spanish Armada was a fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruna in August 1588 under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. Little did Sidonia realise he could turn, regroup his still formidable, albeit spooked, force and rout his enemy with ease. The delay was compounded when beacons from the tip of Cornwall right along the southern shore of England informed London of the first sighting of the fleet within 48 hours. THERE are points at which history and geography meet, and where history provides material that geography alone can weave into shape. A Ragusan Merchantman, (modern Dubrovnik in Croatia) of 666 tons and armed with 18 guns, she had a crew of 70 sailors and 236 soldiers.

Recent developments have been encouraging.
Britain remained Protestant and by default, Ireland remained under British control. The Armada lacked any communications to instruct the Duke of Parma to the precise timing and whereabouts of their arrival. Her crew comprised of 71 sailors and she carried 271 soldiers according to the Lisbon muster list. The following day, between Graveline and Ostend, a pitched battle broke out. And how were the secrets of the sunken Armada, lost for centuries off the shores of Ulster, finally brought to light? Other items were haunted by the ghosts of the dead. Central to the invasion plans was the Grande y Felicísima Armada – ‘the vast good-fortuned fleet’ – or, as it came to be known in English, the Spanish Armada. Benefiting from explorers and conquistadors she was bankrolled with vast quantities of gold and produce from South America. … Other ships, having managed to make it further down the coast of Ireland, were now in the direct firing line of the storms sweeping in from the Atlantic. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish Armada set sail to invade England, Department of Tourism, Culture and Sport - Ireland. Several vessels that disappeared off the Antrim coast, such as the Barca de Amburg, have never been discovered. Others were not so fortunate. For many years after, Spain remained the dominant superpower, buoyed by its South American colonies. A Sicilian Merchantman of 860 tons, she was requisitioned in Palermo in 1586 and armed with 32 guns, she had a crew of 65 sailors and 290 soldiers. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-14418698. Of 1,300, less than a dozen men survived. Derry/Londonderry The last of the ships to be wrecked on the Irish coast and the first to be excavated in the 20th century was the galleass La Girona. Ultimately he would outwit the larger, more powerful force. A master mariner, Drake had circumnavigated the globe in the Golden Hind, claiming California for the British on the way. When the fleet reassembled at La Corunna she may have been designated as a hospital ship (medical supplies were transferred from another hospital ship which was unseaworthy)  and the number of people she carried at the wrecking at Streedagh may have varied due to inter ship transfers, and the attrition rate due to disease and hardship. A Venetian Trader of 728 tons, she was commandeered in Feb 1588 while unloading a cargo of sugar at Lisbon. A gold ring engraved ‘Madame de Champagney MDXXIIII’, worn by her drowned grandson, was discovered. And though it was of superior strength, once it had left Spanish coastal waters the Armada would be hundreds of miles from the sanctuary of safe harbour. He was also a pirate, a thief and Spain’s Public Enemy Number One, with a history of looting Spanish vessels and launching raids on Cadiz. It was all or nothing.

Far from home, this wreck is not the first to be found off the coast of Ireland.


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