The ACBE system integrating the Target-AID and ABE7.10 into a single structure obtained the dual function of C-to-T and A-to-G substitutions and could efficiently induce heterogeneous base mutations at the same DNA strand with single sgRNA in immortalized and primary somatic cells. The controls were untreated cell samples.
2018;9(1):2338. 2017 Feb 16;63(1):17-26. doi: 10.1262/jrd.2016-079.

Avec sa transmission par moyeu Shimano 11 vitesses fluide, silencieuse et aux contraintes d’entretien réduites et sa courroie Gates, l’Editor vous emmènera rapidement d’un point à un autre sans jamais vous faire perdre le sourire. 2003;100(7):4102–7. Xie, J., Huang, X., Wang, X. et al. Rees HA, Liu DR. Base editing: precision chemistry on the genome and transcriptome of living cells.

The DNA random off-target and RNA off-target effects of the ACBE system were not detected in this study, which should be tested in future research.

For these targeting loci, the ACBE system performed higher efficiency of simultaneous C-to-T and A-to-G point mutation at the same DNA strand than the CBE + ABE system.

In addition, a new CBE version (termed AncBE4max) was used to edit genes in blastocysts and porcine fibroblasts (PFFs) for the first time. 4c, d). Zhao DD, Li J, Li SW, Xin XQ, Hu MZ, Price MA, Rosser SJ, Bi CH, Zhang XL. These results suggest that CBEs provide a more simple and efficient method for improving economic traits, reducing the breeding cycle, and increasing disease tolerance in pigs, thus aiding in the development of human disease models. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. NCBI accession PRJNA601637, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA601637. Nature. Terms and Conditions,

2020;38(5):582–5. Correspondence to Only a detectable A-to-G point mutation was observed for M-mstn-G4 because only suitable adenines were presented in the editing window of the ACBE system. While several Cas9-derived base editors have been developed to induce either C-to-T or A-to-G mutation at target genomic sites, the possible genome editing space when using the current base editors remains limited. e, f Summary of ACBE-mediated base editing patterns and efficiencies of all C and A in P53-G8 (e) and P53-G9 (f) sites using sgRNAs with different spacer lengths. XW, YL, FC, NL, ZO, QZ, WG, QJ, HS, ZZ, XZ, ML, JW, YY, LQ, and HW participated in plasmids construction, cell culture, and discussion. 2019 Dec;40(12):2171-2183. doi: 10.1002/humu.23819. PmCDA1 has a greater affinity of a single-strand DNA than TadA/TadA* [26, 27], meaning that it also could bind to nonspecific single-strand DNA more frequently, which has been used to explain why the CBE system would lead to much higher DNA random off-target than ABE system [28, 29]. 4b). In mammalian cells, Target-ACE enabled heterologous editing of multiple bases in a small sequence window of target sites with increased efficiency compared with a mixture of two relevant base editor enzymes, each of which may block the same target DNA molecule from the other. Notably, the CBE + ABE group showed a significantly reduced efficiency of C-to-T substitutions and maintained the normal function of A-to-G conversion among the five target sites, indicating that ABE7.10 might have better binding competitiveness than Target-AID to the same target DNA locus.


These results indicated that the ACBE system independently maintained CBE and ABE functions in human cells. Whether these simultaneous substitutions of these two loci occurred in the same DNA strand, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were analyzed by TA-cloning sequencing. The controls were untreated cell samples. Dual-function ACBE would expand the toolkit of base editors and has the potential biomedical and agricultural applications. Liu Z, Lu ZY, Yang G, Huang SS, Li GL, Feng SJ, Liu YJ, Li JN, Yu WX, Zhang Y, et al. -, Mol Biotechnol.

Thus optimization of linkers and sgRNAs was a potential approach for increasing the efficiency of heterologous base editing at the same locus.

c The representative Sanger sequencing results of the cell samples transfected with different base editors showed the target base substitutions in the targeting sites P53-G7, P53-G8, LMNA-G1, LDHA-G1, and PGK1-G4. CRISPR C-to-G base editors for inducing targeted DNA transversions in human cells. Nishimasu H, Shi X, Ishiguro S, Gao LY, Hirano S, Okazaki S, Noda T, Abudayyeh OO, Gootenberg JS, Mori H, et al.


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