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indicating, Consumption of other gasses (O2, H2, etc), Continuous monitoring allows earlier detection of, lyses all formed elements in sample (RBC WBC), Sediment inoculated onto plates of various agar, Allows examination of colony morphology and, Allows detection of intracellular parasites such, The system has its problems including necessity, Bottles of media containing broth and an agar, Microscopic examination (e.g. Patient's Medical record Number . Heparin (Anti-Coagulant) Used to collect whole blood or plasma Binds to anti-thrombin III to inhibit Xa, IXa, and thrombin Nominal concentration of 12 30 U/mL Heparin binds calcium so ionized calcium must be collected using Calcium Titrated or Electrolyte Balanced heparin, Citrate (Anti-Coagulant) Citrate is used for collection of coagulation tests Acts by binding calcium Nominal concentration of 3.2% (0.109 mol/L) Recent move to 3.2% from 3.8% to get more consistent results for Prothrombin Time, particularly for more sensitive reagents Tubes must be properly filled to within +/- 10% of assigned collection volume, Clot Activator Shortens Time to Clot In vitro activation of clotting system to enhance clot formation A silica clot activator is attached to the tube wall with a silicone surfactant Requires mixing for optimal affect Time to clot is 15-30 minutes instead of 1 hour, Serum Separator Gel Separates Serum from Cells Polymer gel with specific gravity between that of serum and cells Migrates and forms a barrier during centrifugation Separation of cells from serum stops metabolic and hemolytic effects Certain analytes and therapeutic drugs may bind to gel over time, Labelling the Sample A properly labelled sample is essential so that the results of the test match the patient. If possible centrifuge at 2000 g for 15 minutes, and then transfer the supernatant fluid to a clean leak-proof container. 2022 What specimens are to be collected? 2 0 obj
Long term storage: -70C/-190C(liquid nitrogen), Preserves viral infectivity within the specimen, Mismatch of information on the label and the request. . Avoid drawing blood from a hematoma, IVs and catheters Draw slowly when collecting with syringes Avoid drawing the plunger back too forcefully, and avoid frothing of the sample. You can read the details below. The majority of our products are designed for automation further simplifying your workflow and eliminating the need for multiple suppliers. HUMo0#KI
eU(jszH!J~g@ {c?kwhm77o2w"yY(s$\hH>= ?Wh^6MBg|'gYq2Q .1K|B=P*|}6P=iI qSJ\: E-+Uvf{+#/0+Gc*A#Vgl UJy[GGR,1;'IODM provactive test for growth hormone, urine collection Random Urine specimen (drug abuse) First-morning (microscopic examination, b-HCG, Clean -catch specimen (MSU ) For urine culture 24 hours urine For quantitative chemical determinations in urine (such as creatinine, protein, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium,) Suprapubic specimen especially for infant Urine collected from children collection bags with hypoallergenic skin adhesive Catheter specimen. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. or false, Insert needle through chest wall into pleural. Collect 5-10 ml of venous blood in a dry sterile, screw-cup glass tube or bottle. And, again, its all free. Gauze sponges - for application on the site from which the needle is withdrawn. learning objectives. The essential elements of the requisition cont., Histopathology specimen request must contain in addition to the above listed information, the following: name of the procedure, no. malak m. el-hazmi. %
All blood, whether unlabelled or mislabeled, intended for cross matching, must be redrawn, without exception. The SlideShare family just got bigger. 3. If possible, submit more than one specimen on different days. The absence of resin, which was apparently not used during the preparation of the mummies, and the almost complete . Patients Preparation factors ,cont. specimen #2. specimen #3. specimen #4. specimen #5. specimen #6. specimen # 7. Remember to wash hands well after collecting the specimen. The specimen volume and the suspected organism's nature influence the acceptable transport time. They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. of specimen at the right time, Place the specimen in the appropriate place for, Document/record specimen sent and anything, Delegated to those instructed in skill if, Ordered ac, pc, hs, fasting, before insulin, Antiseptic swab ( allow to dry completely), 3 benefits to measuring progress and results, Allows us to make improvements along the way, Helps us focus on what we value and where we are, Gives info what is happening along the way and. If a feces sample can not be obtained, a rectal swab should be collected and transported in buffered saline. Deliver to the laboratory as soon as possible. Patient's date of birth, sex and nationality. ; worn to protect the patient and the phlebotomist. Syringes - may be used in place of the evacuated collection tube for special circumstances. If so, share your PPT presentation slides online with PowerShow.com. The availability of new laboratory techniques for unusual pathogens, makes necessary the review and update of all the steps involved in the processing of the samples. Diagnosis. The fresh stool specimen must be received within 1-2 hours of passage. Specimen Transport: Label the specimen and deliver it to the laboratory as soon as possible with a completed request form. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Verify again that the information on the labeled specimen matches that on the request form. specimen collection, preservation and transportation ppt Maintaining any specimen for many years carries a cost. Specimen Collection and Transport. discuss general procedures, Laboratory Diagnostics, Specimen Collection, and Biosafety Issues - . In the investigation of viral infections, reliable laboratory results can only be obtained if the specimens are collected, preserved, and transported correctly to the Virology laboratory. EDTA induced psuedothrombocytopenia caused by in vitro antibody mediated platelet clumping and platelet satellitism that results from changes in membrane structure that occur when calcium is removed by EDTA. 1 0 obj
To prevent hemolysis (which can interfere with many tests). The recovery of Streptococcus pneumoniae, If it is a hospitalized patient, Pseudomonas, Non-bacterial organisms such as opportunistic, Viruses are not an infrequent cause of LRTs, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the cause of primary, Legionellosis (caused by Legionella pneumophila), Mycobacteria, especially M. tuberculosis in the, Sheeps blood agar (SBA) is used for routine, S. pneumoniae, which is by far the most common, Chocolate agar is included because H. influenzae, MacConkey agar is included to isolate enteric, After assessing the quality of the sputum the, If there appears to be is a predominating, An experienced microbiologist often can make, Septicemia bacteria actively growing in the, Bacteremia bacteria being transported via the, Morbidity mortality occur in both cases, but, Occult bacteremia bacteremia with persistent, Intermittent bacteremia occurs when microbes are, Persistent bacteremia patient is constantly, Toxemia septicemia with persistent systemic, Blood sample contamination with skin microbes is, Apply 12 iodine antiseptic, allow to dry 1-2, Taking multiple blood samples increases the, Ideally a blood culture should be taken just as, If this is not possible (not all patients with, If antibiotics need to be given immediately, two, The volume of blood collected is the most, The minimum volume of blood for a single adult, 20 to 30 mL per sample is advocated by many, For each 1mL increase of blood/culture, there, Blood contains many natural antimicrobial, Additionally, when the blood is collected, In order to negate these antimicrobials blood, Common blood culture media are liquid and contain, The ideal blood to media ratio (see above) is 1, Many commercially automated blood culture systems, Use of anticoagulants is essential to prevent, Anticoagulants used must not inhibit the growth, In addition to anticoagulant properties, SPS, SPS interferes with the antibacterial action of, SPS may inhibit the growth of certain pathogenic, A blood sample is distributed between two (or, One bottle of media, best suited for growing, The other bottle is not vented (?CO2 ?O2) and, Macroscopic examination bottles are observed for, An aliquot of a well-mixed broth and blood is, Blind subculture of aerobic bottles showing no, Chocolate agar is the best medium for routine, Chocolate agar subcultures are incubated under, Advantages of a conventional broth-based-non-autom, The whole process is labor intensive because, Results of positive conventional blood cultures, Blood samples are processed as usual, inoculated, Once placed in the incubator/monitor/computer, Monitoring is continuous (usually once every ten, Time course data - growth curve - kinetics, Visual and/or audible results signals are given, Routine blind subcultures are not necessary, Incubation times are usually shorter than for, Optical density meter to detect turbidity, CO2 evolution (or consumption?) collection, packaging, shipping overview. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. z.$E;A9$< 57F {#f}KC5+:V:f-Bj ]
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Specimen Collection Suspect or confirmed TB patients should be in a negative pressure room Specimen collection is an aerosol generating procedure, anyone in the room during specimen collection must wear a particulate respirator type N-95 and be part of the respirator protection plan All mycobacteria specimens are collected Supplies. Our product offerings include millions of PowerPoint templates, diagrams, animated 3D characters and more. Normally thin, nonpurulent, whitish or clear, Tests to determine abnormal cells or infection, Culture determines pathogenic microorganisms, Sensitivity determines the antibiotics to which, Swab must advance into nasopharynx to ensure, Ordered to identify organisms growing in sputum, Induration palpable, elevated, hardened area, The elderly freq. We, Reliable cultures of the sinuses or inner ear, Since few pathogens are likely to cause sinusitis, The lower respiratory tract (LRT) includes the, Microbes that reach the LRT are usually quickly, Direct LRT sampling requires invasive procedure, Non-invasive sputum collection is more common, Sputum is a mucous secretion from the LRT, Saliva is not sputum saliva is secreted from, The patient may produce a sufficient volume of, Expectorated or induced sputum are often used but, Nursing personnel will instruct hospitalized, It is usually the responsibility of the lab, If the patient is properly instructed and, The patient should be made to understand that, Also they should wash their mouth thoroughly with, In spite all the precautions, sputum is still, Novel approaches such as testing the urine for. 5-3: Collection and preservation The collection of appropriate and optimum samples is the responsibility of the laboratory, even though the actual collection process is often carr surgical procedures), will need a . The Phlebotomist/Courier transports laboratory specimens to and from the clinic site and Singing River Health System in accordance with departmental and System procedures and guidelines. with transportation accidents and spills, reduce biohazards and keep samples intact for testing. endobj
Tube slips back from vacutainer needle. COL E ION , H * Keeps current with developments in laboratory medicine by mandatory and voluntary continuing education, competency testing and Quality Assurance. Random Urine Sample 4.2. Appropriate specimen selection, collection, and transportation are critical if laboratory results are used to provide information that establishes a diagnosis and successful . Maio. If unable to collect 3 mL of urine, collect in sterile specimen container (37777) or yellow top tube (104184) and transport urine specimens to the Microbiology Laboratory or refrigerate within 30 minutes. Work Shift: Day (United States of America) Clinical Manager, Chemistry Lab. Throat Swab Culture 2. selection guidelines, refer to Table 4. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Serum iron levels tend to drop during the day. Neonatal specimens. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. When the specimens are to be collected? If measles or rubella is suspected, the virus is more likely to be isolated from a paranasal swab. Cerebrospinal fluid is required to investigate some arbovirus infections. You might even have a presentation youd like to share with others. Stool Specimen and Culture 3.1. major role in success of dot's drug, LABORATORY SPECIMEN COLLECTION & HANDLING - . Special specimen collection procedures, including more invasive procedures, or those with an increased risk of complications to the patient, (e.g. Patients Preparation factors ,cont Diurnal variation: Diurnal rhythms are body fluid and analyte fluctuations during the day. objective. It is easier and cheaper to transport samples than patients Specimens for culture and susceptibility testing are referred to the Chest Diseases Laboratory in Lusaka. Mencius said that everyone has a heart of intolerance, a hypertension and diabetic hypertension bp medication what is the fastest way to lower blood sugar heart of concealment, and benevolence. Serena Lobo Urinalysis and Collection, Transportation, and Preservation of Urine Specimens; Approved Guideline-Second Edition qin hongliang In addition, a step-by-step outline for collecting, transporting, and storing specimens is included. Appropriate shipping of specimen to the laboratory for testing. Needles are available for evacuated systems and for use with a syringe, single draw or butterfly system. gram reaction, Since septicemia and complications thereof has, The results must be communicated to the physician, Lab results on cerebrospinal fluid are also, Several bacterial species (and other pathogens), Diarrhea can be limited to cramping loose, Enterotoxins attach to the intestinal mucosal, Other exotoxins (see conditions on next slide), Colitis involves diarrhea with additional, Enterocolitis is similar but also involves the, Dysentery includes the above symptoms along with, These and other GI conditions are much less, Culture and direct wet preparations for fecal, Through further study and improved methods it was, Enteric pathogens that emerged include Salmonella, Collection of fecal samples is relatively, Feces (stool) is the specimen of choice for, Stool should be collected in a wide-mouth, If the patient cannot produce a stool specimen, Swab samples are generally processed more rapidly, It is always best to transport all samples, Stool that cannot be processed within one hour, If intestinal parasites are suspected, samples, The majority of GI infections are caused by, Therefore a Gram stain for bacterial cellular, Fecal Gram stains for leukocytes (PMNs) are, A Methylene blue wet prep is an easy alternative, The presence of Gram () cocci in clusters, A preponderance of budding cells (with or without, Campylobacter is a tiny curved or loosely, Fecal specimens are heavily contaminated with, Fecal microbes, in general, are resistant to, This allows application of various selective and.
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