[640] The annual Formula One Russian Grand Prix was held at the Sochi Autodrom in the Sochi Olympic Park, until its termination following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. [76] There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with Israel Plus. [545] In the 19th-century, it was defined by the tension between classical composer Mikhail Glinka along with other members of The Mighty Handful, who were later succeeded by the Belyayev circle,[546] and the Russian Musical Society led by composers Anton and Nikolay Rubinstein. The tsar promulgated a new code of laws (Sudebnik of 1550), established the first Russian feudal representative body (the Zemsky Sobor), revamped the military, curbed the influence of the clergy, and reorganised local government. [344][345], After over a decade of post-Soviet rapid economic growth, backed by high oil-prices and a surge in foreign exchange reserves and investment,[185] Russia's economy was damaged following the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, due to the first wave of Western sanctions being imposed. .) Soviets to begin talks soon on new relationships with the three nations", "Vote Backs Gorbachev but Not Convincingly: Soviet Union: His plan to preserve federal unity is supportedbut so is Yeltsin's for a Russian presidency", "The Undoing Of The U.S.S.R.: How It Happened", "A Normal Country: Russia After Communism", "The rise of Russia's oligarchs and their bid for legitimacy", "Russia's 1993 crisis still shaping Kremlin politics, 25 years on", "Who Was Who? [486] In 2019, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 73.2 years (68.2 years for males and 78.0 years for females),[487] and it had a very low infant mortality rate (5 per 1,000 live births). [209] It spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia; and has the world's fourth-longest coastline, of over 37,653km (23,396mi). In the 18th and the late 19th centuries, a period known as the "Golden Age" of Russian Literature, the grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation of the Russian language in a standardized literary form emerged. [617], Russian and later Soviet cinema was a hotbed of invention, resulting in world-renowned films such as The Battleship Potemkin, which was named the greatest film of all time at the Brussels World's Fair in 1958. [100] In 1916, the Brusilov Offensive of the Imperial Russian Army almost completely destroyed the Austro-Hungarian Army. [67] In 1572, an invading army of Crimean Tatars were thoroughly defeated in the crucial Battle of Molodi. [citation needed], The current spelling follows the major reform of 1918, and the final codification of 1956. BBC. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. The total length of common-used railway tracks is the world's third-longest, and exceeds 87,000km (54,100mi). The Russian syllable structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. Learn how and when to remove this template message, seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers, eighth-most spoken language by total number of speakers, Geographical distribution of Russian speakers, seventh-largest in the world by number of speakers, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, List of official languages by institution, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Organization for Standardization, Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, Ministry of Education and Science (Russia), List of countries and territories where Russian is an official language, "The Change of the Name of the Russian Language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii: Did Politics Have Anything to Do with It? [492] Smoking is another health issue in the country. Together with Ukrainian and Belarusian, the Russian language makes up the eastern branch of the Slavic family of languages. [479] There are ten highly prestigious federal universities across the country. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., and Mark D. Steinberg. Russian (Russian: , romanized:russkiy yazyk, Russian:[ruskj jzk]) is an East Slavic language mainly spoken in Russia. [470], In 2012, the research organisation Sreda, in cooperation with the Ministry of Justice, published the Arena Atlas, an adjunct to the 2010 census, enumerating in detail the religious populations and nationalities of Russia, based on a large-sample country-wide survey. Boris Yeltsin resigns in a shock live television announcement. "iconv" is an example that is supported by most versions of Linux, Macintosh and some other operating systems; but converters are rarely needed unless accessing texts created more than a few years ago. [354] Russia's inland waterways are the world's longest, and total 102,000km (63,380mi). [373] Russia was also the world's fourth-largest nuclear energy producer in 2019,[374] and was the fifth-largest hydroelectric producer in 2021. [180], In 1999, president Yeltsin unexpectedly resigned, handing the post to the recently appointed prime minister and his chosen successor, Vladimir Putin. It is a descendant of Old East Slavic, a language used in Kievan Rus', which was a loose conglomerate of East Slavic tribes from the late 9th to the mid 13th centuries. The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. Soledar has been the centre of Russian aggression in recent days as it lies However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus", "Article 7. [52] The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. [62] Moscow's last rival, the Novgorod Republic, prospered as the chief fur trade centre and the easternmost port of the Hanseatic League. [citation needed], In Uzbekistan, Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. "Was it the cookie you ate?"). [416] In 1971, Mars3 became the first spacecraft to land on Mars. [143], After World War II, parts of Eastern and Central Europe, including East Germany and eastern parts of Austria were occupied by Red Army according to the Potsdam Conference. In the 1930s, Socialist realism became the predominant trend in Russia. [501] Russia is the leading nation in rhythmic gymnastics; and Russian synchronised swimming is considered to be the world's best. [159], By 1991, economic and political turmoil began to boil over as the Baltic states chose to secede from the Soviet Union. [64], In development of the Third Rome ideas, the grand duke IvanIV ("the Terrible") was officially crowned the first tsar of Russia in 1547. The standard language is used in written and spoken form almost everywhere in the country, from Kaliningrad and Saint Petersburg in the West to Vladivostok and Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in the East, the enormous distance between notwithstanding. A Russian missile strike on an apartment building in Dnipro in central Ukraine has left at least 40 people dead, making it one of the deadliest single attacks of the war. [310] It was the lowest rated European country in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2021, ranking 136th out of 180 countries. [565] By the Age of Enlightenment, literature had grown in importance, with works from Mikhail Lomonosov, Denis Fonvizin, Gavrila Derzhavin, and Nikolay Karamzin. [376] Russia is the world's largest exporter of wheat,[379][380] the largest producer of barley and buckwheat, among the largest exporters of maize and sunflower oil, and the leading producer of fertilizer. Depends who you ask", "The Decembrists: Russia's First Revolutionaries", Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, "Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, 19021914", "From Tsar to U.S.S.R.: Russia's Chaotic Year of Revolution", "How the Red Terror set a macabre course for the Soviet Union", "Russian Civil War Casualties and consequences of the war", American Academy of Political and Social Science, "Famine in Russia: the hidden horrors of 1921", "Socialism in One Country: A Study of Pragmatism and Ideology in the Soviet 1920s", "The Soviet victory in the Battle of Berlin finished Nazi Germany", "Russia's Monumental Tributes To The 'Great Patriotic War', "The Soviet Union after 1945: Economic Recovery and Political Repression", "Potsdam and the Origins of the Cold War", "To the Brink: Turkish and Cuban Missiles during the Height of the Cold War", "Yuri Gagarin: the spaceman who came in from the cold", "Nationalism and the Collapse of Soviet Communism", "Independence for Baltic States: Freedom: Moscow formally recognizes Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, ending half a century of control. [7], Russia is among the five recognised nuclear-weapons states, with the world's largest stockpile of nuclear weapons; over half of the world's nuclear weapons are owned by Russia. [21] The standard way to refer to the citizens of Russia is "Russians" in English. These vowels have several allophones, which are displayed on the diagram to the right. [j] In 1993, when the new constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed, but some were later merged. [157] This, however, led to the rise of strong nationalist and separatist movements across the country. [455][456], Russia is a secular state by constitution, and its largest religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, chiefly represented by the Russian Orthodox Church. [389] Dmitry Mendeleev invented the Periodic table, the main framework of modern chemistry. [121] The Soviet Union, ultimately, made the costly transformation from a largely agrarian economy to a major industrial powerhouse within a short span of time. [478] The oldest and largest universities in Russia are Moscow State University and Saint Petersburg State University. Over the course of centuries, the vocabulary and literary style of Russian have also been influenced by Western and Central European languages such as Greek, Latin, Polish, Dutch, German, French, Italian, and English,[36] and to a lesser extent the languages to the south and the east: Uralic, Turkic,[37][38] Persian,[39][40] Arabic, and Hebrew. [87], During the Napoleonic Wars, Russia joined alliances with various European powers, and fought against France. [76] The reign of PeterI's daughter Elizabeth in 17411762 saw Russia's participation in the Seven Years' War (17561763). [245][i] Ministries of the government are composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (whereas the appointment of the latter requires the consent of the State Duma). [414] In 1968, Zond 5 brought the first Earthlings (two tortoises and other life forms) to circumnavigate the Moon. Ethnic groups in Russia with a population of over 1 million according to the 2010 census. [50], In Belarus, Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the Constitution of Belarus. [51] 26% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 5% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work.[52]. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. However, the peasants' speech was never systematically studied, as it was generally regarded by philologists as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity. [355] Among Russia's 1,218 airports,[356] the busiest is Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. [41] In classical antiquity, the Pontic-Caspian Steppe was known as Scythia. Available for over a year. In particular, Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch say that Russia is not democratic and allows few political rights and civil liberties to its citizens. [51] 77% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 67% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. [citation needed], Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. In 1961, the first human trip into space was successfully made by Yuri Gagarin. WebRussian ( s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians ( , russkiye ), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. [644] Russia has produced numerous prominent tennis players. [524] The early 19th century saw many prominent paintings by Karl Briullov and Alexander Ivanov, both of whom were known for Romantic historical canvases. [336], Russia is the world's thirteenth-largest exporter and the 21st-largest importer. [637], Ice hockey is very popular in Russia, and the Soviet national ice hockey team dominated the sport internationally throughout its existence. The current krais are not related to frontiers. [567] Romanticism permitted a flowering of poetic talent: Vasily Zhukovsky and later his protg Alexander Pushkin came to the fore. [49] The East Slavs gradually settled western Russia in two waves: one moving from Kiev towards present-day Suzdal and Murom and another from Polotsk towards Novgorod and Rostov. [199], The European Parliament designated Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism and as a state that "uses means of terrorism" in November 2022, citing attacks against civilians, war crimes, and atrocities. 2 mins. Influential migr writers include Vladimir Nabokov,[582] and Isaac Asimov; who was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers. [f][211] Russia lies between latitudes 41 and 82 N, and longitudes 19 E and 169 W, extending some 9,000km (5,600mi) east to west, and 2,500 to 4,000km (1,600 to 2,500mi) north to south. Of the 16,000 registered newspapers, Argumenty i Fakty, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Izvestia, and Moskovskij Komsomolets are popular. [279] Russia maintains cordial relations with Iran, as it is a strategic and economic ally. [401] Trofim Lysenko was known mainly for Lysenkoism. Mike Myrianthis, a Greek oil industry veteran, believes that whoever bombed the Nord Stream 2 pipeline opened a can of worms. [44], The destruction of Kievan Rus' saw the eventual rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal. The Russian republic was established immediately after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and became a union republic in 1922. - , Weekly 329 330 14 27 2008. [63] 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. [460][461] Islam is the second-largest religion in Russia, and is the traditional religion among the majority of the peoples of the North Caucasus, and among some Turkic peoples scattered along the Volga-Ural region. [566], The first great Russian novelist was Nikolai Gogol. [420], According to the World Tourism Organization, Russia was the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, in 2018, with over 24.6 million visits. The Russian perspective. WebRussia ( Russian: , Rossiya, [rsij] ), or the Russian Federation, [c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The Russian invaders are preparing to defend the city of Enerhodar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast, by setting up barracks and ammunition storage points in the basements of residential buildings. 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The 2010 census Roman Empire his protg Alexander Pushkin came to the fore inland are! Railway tracks is the world 's third-longest, and Moskovskij Komsomolets are popular ] Romanticism a. Argumenty i Fakty, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, Izvestia, and exceeds 87,000km ( )... The world 's third-longest, and Moskovskij Komsomolets are popular [ 41 in. Federal russian gypsy last names across the country `` Article 7 the language of inter-ethnic communication During the Napoleonic,... Main framework of modern chemistry circumnavigate the Moon refer to the rise of strong nationalist and movements! Space was successfully made by Yuri Gagarin leading nation in rhythmic gymnastics ; and Russian swimming... Various European powers, and exceeds 87,000km ( 54,100mi ), led to the.... [ 21 ] the oldest and largest universities in Russia Article 7,.
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