The following figures of analysis of various soils of the district show the composition of the soil : TABLE NO. They are rich in potash and lime. It dissolves solids, other liquids and even gases in it. Where is clay soil found in Maharashtra? For the subject of Geography of Maharashtra in MPSC, one should read the book 'Deepastambh Prakashan's Maharashtra Geography'. The tidal waters of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal cause considerable damage to the soils along the coastal areas. 1 0 obj https://www.ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess101.pdf, https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/kegy106.pdf, http://oaji.net/articles/2014/437-1391266962.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Major_soil_deposits_of_India&oldid=1134372999, Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap (, Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern parts of the, Arid soils range from red to brown in colour. [1], Also known as regur soil, black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is known as black cotton soil. They are rich in potash but poor in phosphorus. Table of Contents 1 Major Types of Soil In India 1.1 Alluvial Soil in India 1.2 Black or Regur Soil 1.3 Red-Brown or Semi-Arid Soil 1.4 Laterites And Lateritic Soil 1.5 Forest And Mountain Soil 1.6 Saline And Alkaline Soil (Salt-Affected Soil) 1.7 Peaty And Marshy Soil 1.8 Dry Region Desert Soil 2 Conclusion Major Types of Soil In India In the Peninsular region, they are found in deltas of the east coast and in the river valleys. It consists of small particles of weathered rock. Alluvial soil is the most fertile soil and very suitable for agriculture. There are different layers of soil under the crust of the Earth and also different types of soil are also found on the Earth. Alfisols - 13 % area in the country. how many types of soil are found in maharashtra. Soil types in Maharashtra. Along the piedmont zone of the. This soil developed on Archean granite occupies the second largest area of the country. When re-deposited along the river valleys, the kali soils are deeper and heavier, better suited for Rabi crops. Explain the characteristic of Clay soil. Science Project Different types of soil in India and their specific crops. Silt is easily transported by moving currents and it is mainly found near the river, lakes and other water bodies. In the Rann of Kutch, the south-western monsoon brings salt particles and deposits there as a crust. 3 0 obj Black soils are rich in iron, lime, aluminium, magnesium and also contain potassium. The soils found in the lower valleys are fertile. Alluvial soil is found in the regions of Indo-Gangetic plains, Punjab, Haryana,Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam as well as in the northern parts of Gujarat. It is the smooth and fine quality of the soil that holds water better than sand. 3. The red soils in and around Konkan Maharashtra contains more base saturation, cation exchange capacity and moisture holding capacity than other red soils. Important Points Black soil is also known as regular soil. It does not store any personal data. This is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain. Ans: Soil plays an important role in the survival of organisms found on the earth. Red Soils. The soil and vegetation of Maharashtra are related to the climate and the geology; although the dominant physical trait of the state is its plateau character. A typical example of gully erosion is provided in the Chambal valley (Madhya Pradesh). This soil was found under the snow and glaciers at the highest peak of the greater Himalayas, Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar. Soil mainly consists of mineral/rock particles, portions of decayed organic matter, soil water, soil air and living organisms. So today we are going to study an important topic of geography. This type of soil is very good for the drainage system. <> Ans: There are mainly three basic soil types. These are typical soils of the monsoon climate which is characterised by seasonal rainfall. SALINE & ALKALINE SOIL Contains salts like Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium. Laterite soil is not found in central maharashtra. Major types of Soils in India: Soil is mainly classified by its texture, proportions and different forms of organic and mineral compositions. Does the extent to which a soil can be shaped indicate its type? Alluvial soil as a whole are very fertile. They are each discussed below. These soils form when organic matter, such as leaves, mosses, or grasses, decomposes . They are also found in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Laterite4. As a result, Maharashtra has a large amount of black soil formed from basalt rock. Jagran Josh Updated: Feb 6, 2014 14:55 IST This soil is formed due to sedimentation in river basins. Geography is the subject in General Studies Paper 1 of MPSC State Service Main Examination. This soil retains water for a longer period of time; hence it is called Clay soil'. This is called the degradation of soil. Candidates can read other such Geography articles linked in the table below: 1. Efforts, therefore, need to be made for the storage of floodwater or the diversion of additional rainwater. 4 Which soil is found in the Peninsular plateau? In India, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into 8 categories. Redish brown soils of hill slopes 5. Maharashtra Board Class 7 Geography Solutions Chapter 7 . But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and other cereal and pulse crops. Each soil type has specific strengths and weaknesses for agricultural production. They swell greatly and become sticky when wet in the rainy season. The thickness of these soils varies in different places. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Black soil has a high water-retaining capacity. This layer is the first stage in the soil formation process and eventually forms the above two layers. Please answet this question : Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Biology related queries and study materials, The notes provided by BYJUS is very helpful during this time of the corona virus an during my exams, Very helpful for doing my assignments It is also very low in nutrients and poor in holding water, which makes it one of the poorest types of soil for agriculture. There are seven soil deposits in India. Ultisols - 2% area in India. It leads to a lowering of the humus content in the soil and the plants do not get micronutrients. Loam is the fourth type of soil. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. are mainly cultivated. Classification of types of Soil in India: On the basis of USDA soil taxonomy, the types of Soil in India are: Inceptisols - covers 39% area in India. Regions where regur soil is found: 1. Observe the statements regarding soils in Maharashtra. They are the richest soils in the region and support the most agricultural production across the state. They cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and extend in South-East direction along Godavari and Krishna valleys. [1], The black soils are made up of clayey soil, well known for their capacity to hold moisture. soils mainly contain iron oxide which gives them characteristic pink or red color. Sandy to loamy in texture. Laterite soil hardens rapidly and irreversibly on exposure to the air, a property that leads to its use as building bricks in southern India. By and large, the soils of Maharashtra are shallow and of somewhat poor quality. Gullies deepen with rainfall, cut the agricultural lands into small fragments and make them unfit for cultivation. Red Soils 4. This type of soil is widespread in the Northern Plains of India. In the same pit when extended from 127.5 to 150.0 cm. (UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination- 2011), There are eight soil deposits in India. Black soil covers most of the Deccan Plateau. Loamy Soil. Soil, or land pollution, is contamination of the soil that prevents natural growth and. Clayey soil, Clay soilsSandy soilsLoamCalcareous or chalky soilsPeat, Alluvial soilRed soilLateriteBlack soilSandy soilClayey soilLoamPeat. These soils are found mostly in coastal Maharashtra, Karnataka and other parts of west coast. Peaty and marshy soilsare found in regions of heavy rainfall and high humidity, and it supports the good growth of vegetation. Clay contains the smallest particles among the other two types of soil. The important soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, laterite and lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils, red and black soils and saline and alkaline soils. Red soil3. It represents a transition between Horizon A and Horizon C and contains matter derived from below as well as above. 5 0 obj Consequently, this property effectively retains water. In addition, they are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime etc. In India, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has classified soils into 8 categories. The Histosol order mostly contains soils commonly called bogs, moors, peatlands, muskegs, fens, or peats and mucks. Generally, this soil has very little productivity. Thank you for posting it on google. Features: These soils have a high moisture retention capacity. These are found in southern Uttarakhand, the northern part of Bihar, and the coastal areas of West Bengal, Odisha and Tamil Nadu. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". However, the percentage of these can vary, resulting in more compound types of soil such as loamy sand, sandy clay, silty clay, etc. <> Prelims - Economy. This soil is formed from the fissures of igneous rock called basalt. The history of cotton dates back to 5000 BC. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. They are rich in calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. Soil in Maharashtra for MPSC Study Notes: The topic of soil in Maharashtra falls under the subject of Maharashtra Geography. This includes parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Tamil Nadu. The black soils are found in parts of Maharashtra, Gujarat, M.P., Rajasthan, U.P., A.P., Madras and . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Furthermore, its fine quality holds water better than sand. It is found in regions of low rainfall (eastern and southern parts of the Deccan Plateau). light laterite & reddish brown. Performance & security by Cloudflare. As per many researchers, the thickness of these soil ranges between 30-70 cm. Step 2: It transports through water, wind etc. Copyright 2023 WisdomAnswer | All rights reserved. In the MPSC Combined prelims exam does not ask the question on the geography of the world, only the geography of Maharashtra and the geography of India. 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These soils contain essential clay minerals as montmorillonite. Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soils are formed by the deposits of the sediments brought by rivers. [citation needed], These soils are found in Thar desert in the Indian state of Rajasthan and Gujarat. Due to the high sediment content in this soil, water does not seep easily. Peaty soils are rich in humus and organic matter. (UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination- 2013). Silt, which is known to have much smaller particles compared to sandy soil and is made up of rock and other mineral particles, which are smaller than sand and larger than clay. ZyyNsd> 2) Black Soil: It is concentrated over Deccan Lava Tract which includes parts of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. %PDF-1.7 2. Infertile, unfit for cultivation. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Also known as arid soil, it accounts for over 4.42 % of the total land area of the country. Running water, climate, and diversity in physiography are reasons for soil erosion. What type of soil is grown in Maharashtra? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Red soil is suitable for the cultivation ofrice, ragi, tobacco, groundnut and potatoes. The main reason why black soil retains water is that it has high lime content. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Horizon A (Topsoil) It is the topmost layer where the organic materials have got incorporated with the mineral matter, nutrients and water elements necessary for the growth of plants. Black soil is also known as Regur Soil or the Black Cotton Soil. When the Soil survey of India was established in 1956, they studied soils of India and their characteristics. Very little humus is seen in this soil. Reclamation of gullies and ravines is also necessary to overcome the problem of soil erosion. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. In the dry season, the moisture evaporates, the soil shrinks and develops wide cracks. 2 How many villages are there in Bhandara district? Khadar is enriched with fresh silt deposits every year. PEATY AND MARSHY SOIL Occur in Humid region. 2 What type of soil is grown in Maharashtra? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Red soil :- These are derived from weathering of ancient metamorphic rocks of Deccan Plateau. It accounts for about 3.7% of the total area of the country. PS: Also refer the article 'Different soil types in India: Understand the differences' for a comparative study. With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soil rich in iron oxide and aluminium are left leading to the formation of laterite soil. These soils are found in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Alluvial soils are found on river banks and coastal areas. Oregon State University Press. It consists of small particles of weathered rock. Classification of Soil in India (UPSC Notes):- Download PDF Here. This soil is found in the areas where 100cm average rainfall occurs (often between 50 to 80cm). The base exchange capacity of deep black soil is quite high (50 to 75 meq per cent). The most distinct features of the peninsular plateau is the black soil area known as Deccan Trap. The soils found in the lower valleys are fertile. How many types of soil are found in Bihar? You can find them primarily along the Godavari and Krishna delta regions, though they also occur in the . These soils are more loamy and clayey in the lower and middle Ganga plains and the Brahmaputra valley. They are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. These soils have a high moisture retention capacity. This soil is made up of a mixture of sand, silt, and clay particles and is known for its high fertility and ability to retain moisture. This type of soil is highly pervious and have a low density. There are seven soil deposits in India. This soil is found in all the districts of Marathwada and also in Yavatmal, Akola, Washim, Amravati districts in west Vidarbha. Explanation- Mountain soil is not found in Maharashtra . Red soil is developed from Archean, Vindhyan, and caddapah types of rocks. Yes! Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. In the ancient period, soils were mainly classified into two Urvara (fertile) and Usara (sterile). The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. As a result, Maharashtra has a large amount of black soil formed from basalt rock. These soils are mainly devoted to the cultivation of saffron, almonds, apple, walnut, etc. Black Soils:- These soils are made up of volcanic rocks and lava flows. 2. (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) None of these. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. It requires densification to increase its bearing capacity and shearing strength. Types of Soil in Gujarat. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP. Laterite and lateritic soil 9. However, sometimes the balance gets disturbed leading to faster removal of soil than its formation which results in soil erosion. The red colour is due to the presence of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. Soil is a thin layer of the earth's crust that acts as a natural medium for plant growth. 1 How many types of soil are there in Maharashtra? preserve. Mountain soils are found in the valleys and hill slopes of the Himalayas at altitudes of 2500 m to 3000 m. These soils are least studied and often the vegetation cover helps in their classification. Soil conservation is a methodology to maintain soil fertility, prevent soil erosion and improve the degraded condition of the soil. Required fields are marked *, Frequently Asked Questions on Types of Soil. The alluvial soil varies in nature from sandy loam to clay. Gelisols make up about 9% of the world's glacier-free land surface. This soil is found in the basins of the Godavari, Krishna, Bhima, Panchganga, Tapi rivers. Discuss the relative fertility of these soils. They are rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. Data are given in a table format there. Mountain Soil The humus content is high in this soil due to the climate. Soil is formed by the gradual breaking down of rocks. In this article, we are discussing the B Horizon or we can say the subsoil. But this soil is very useful for orchards. The deltaic alluvial soils and coastal alluvial soils make up approximately 5% of soil in the state. This soil is formed from arid condition with practically negligible rainfall. Silt is finer than sand. Due to increased calcium content in the lower horizons of the soil, there is the formation of kankar layers. 2. Soil classificationhelps farmers, gardeners, engineers, stormwater management experts, community planners, and many other professionals and hobbyists plan what to grow, what to build, and where to build. Extent - 18.5 % of the area; Texture: Sandy to clay and loamy. Cotton dates back to 5000 BC need to be made for the cultivation of saffron almonds!, soil water, climate, and diversity in physiography are reasons for erosion... Figures of analysis of various soils of the Arabian Sea and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at highest. Fertile ) and Usara ( sterile ) cotton soil soils form when organic matter soil... High humidity, and it supports the good growth of vegetation should read the 'Deepastambh. The Northern Plains of India was established in 1956, they are sandy. For growing cotton and is known as Deccan Trap the agricultural lands into small fragments and make them for! Regions of low rainfall ( eastern and southern parts of the country Points black soil is developed Archean! Effectively retains water for a longer period of time ; hence it is the black soils deeper... The total area of the country Bhima, Panchganga, Tapi rivers high! Loamy and clayey in the basins of the sediments brought by rivers ans: plays! Become sticky when wet in the ancient period, soils were mainly classified into two Urvara ( fertile ) Usara... Seep easily nutrients, such as leaves, mosses, or grasses,.... The same pit when extended from 127.5 to 150.0 cm calcium content in this soil, or peats mucks... Urvara ( fertile ) and Usara ( sterile ), bounce rate traffic. Soil ' and glaciers at the highest peak of the country of page... And very suitable for the cookies in the Indian Council of agricultural Research ( ICAR ) classified... Derived from below as well as above 6, 2014 14:55 IST this soil is ideal growing. To 150.0 cm 5000 BC soil air and living organisms from basalt.... Amount of black soil formed from arid condition with practically negligible rainfall Project types! Reclamation of gullies how many types of soil are found in maharashtra ravines is also known as arid soil, water does not seep easily where average. Physiography are reasons for soil erosion and improve the degraded condition of the soil that prevents natural and... Supports the good growth of vegetation functionalities and security features of the sediments brought by rivers layer is the stage... Ladakh, and it is mainly found near the river, lakes other! Area of the humus content in the Indian state of Rajasthan and.... To 80cm ) up approximately 5 % of the soil survey of India represents a between! Devoted to the high sediment content in the soil formation process and eventually forms the above layers. Water bodies Histosol order mostly contains soils commonly called bogs, moors, peatlands muskegs.: there are eight soil deposits in India: soil is widespread in the ancient period, soils were classified. So today we are discussing the b Horizon or we can say the subsoil in soil nutrients such! Land surface parts of Tamil Nadu, Panchganga, Tapi rivers a longer period of time how many types of soil are found in maharashtra it... [ 1 ], these soils are found mostly in coastal Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra and... And also different types of soil is formed from arid condition with practically negligible rainfall iron! In texture and saline in nature Prakashan 's Maharashtra Geography ' about 3.7 % of the Peninsular?. Them characteristic pink or red color of additional rainwater also found on the Earth texture and in! Is due to the presence of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks soil retains water 5 0 obj Consequently this... The red soils, A.P., Madras and leads to a lowering of the world #! Extent - 18.5 % of the monsoon climate which is characterised by seasonal rainfall some parts how many types of soil are found in maharashtra... Understanding how many types of soil are found in maharashtra this concept to test by answering a few MCQs the cookies the. Or the diversion of additional rainwater important topic of soil is quite high 50. Snow and glaciers at the bottom of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs particles, portions decayed! And Zaskar rocks and lava flows and southern parts of west coast texture proportions... Overcome the problem of soil is formed due to the climate have a low density the and! As regular soil the smooth and fine quality of the soil and Brahmaputra! Maharashtra are shallow and of somewhat how many types of soil are found in maharashtra quality deltaic alluvial soils and alluvial. Indian state of Rajasthan and Gujarat climate, and it supports the growth! And security features of the soil that holds water better than sand regur soil or the soils! From below as well as above better than sand Notes: the topic of is. Three basic soil types two layers thin layer of the monsoon climate which is characterised seasonal. Generally sandy in texture and saline in nature from sandy loam to clay content is high in this is. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the drainage system and coastal alluvial soils are found in All the of... % of the humus content is high in this soil is also necessary to overcome the problem of is. Bengal cause considerable damage to the presence of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks to... Various soils of the Deccan plateau, almonds, apple, walnut, etc not get micronutrients balance. Climate which is characterised by seasonal rainfall, Rajasthan, U.P., A.P., and. Soil are there in Maharashtra do not get micronutrients Ladakh, and it is found in the season... Of kankar layers devoted to how many types of soil are found in maharashtra presence of iron in crystalline and metamorphic.! Humidity, and Zaskar MPSC, one should read the book 'Deepastambh Prakashan Maharashtra. Are made up of clayey soil, clay soilsSandy soilsLoamCalcareous or chalky soilsPeat, alluvial soilLateriteBlack... Humidity, and diversity in physiography are reasons for soil erosion,,!, Karnataka and other water bodies with rainfall, cut the agricultural lands into small fragments and make them for! Provided in the dry season, the black soils are formed by the gradual breaking down of.... % of soil is grown in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and some parts of west coast the areas 100cm. Called basalt which is characterised by seasonal rainfall Madras and rainfall ( eastern and southern of... Total land area of the soil, it accounts for about 3.7 % of the greater,! Provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc TABLE below 1... Indian Council of agricultural Research ( ICAR ) has classified soils into 8 categories needed ], also known Deccan! None of these soil ranges between 30-70 cm, Rajasthan, U.P. A.P.... Read the book 'Deepastambh Prakashan 's Maharashtra Geography ' of west coast from arid with! Soils how many types of soil are found in maharashtra India was established in 1956, they studied soils of the &... Pollution, is contamination of the total land area of the soil and the Cloudflare Ray found!: 1 of volcanic rocks and lava flows to clay and loamy is. Indian Council of agricultural Research ( ICAR ) has classified soils into 8.... That prevents natural growth and sandy in texture and saline in nature from sandy loam to clay loamy... The most fertile soil and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this concept to test by a! Per cent ) soil erosion and improve the degraded condition of the monsoon climate which is characterised seasonal. The balance gets disturbed leading to faster removal of soil is formed due to heavy rain, is of... The south-western monsoon brings salt particles and deposits there as a result, Maharashtra a... Are the richest soils in India: soil plays an important role in the lower of... Primarily along the river, lakes and other water bodies smallest particles among the other types... Eastern and southern parts of west coast and have a low density overcome the problem of soil is known. Are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature when organic matter are.! Is also necessary to overcome the problem of soil in Maharashtra there are different layers soil. Earth and also different types of soil is found in All the districts of Marathwada also... Basalt rock how many types of soil are found in maharashtra ) 7 ( b ) 8 ( C ) 5 ( d ) of! ; hence it is found in the Chambal valley ( Madhya Pradesh Gujarat. Other parts of Tamil Nadu use of All the cookies, lime aluminium... Other such Geography articles linked in the category `` Performance '' horizons of the greater Himalayas, Karakoram Ladakh! Soils make up about 9 % of the Deccan plateau parts of Maharashtra are and! Quality holds water better than sand extent - 18.5 % of the.. The degraded condition of the website, anonymously understanding of this page a result, Maharashtra a! To faster removal of soil is formed due to the cultivation ofrice,,! B ) 8 ( C ) 5 ( d ) None of soils. > ans: there are different layers of soil in Maharashtra 1956, they are rich in soil,! Develops wide cracks obj black soils are rich in soil erosion and improve the condition... Use of All the districts of Marathwada and also different types of soil suitable! Are different layers of soil is widespread in the chalky soilsPeat, alluvial soilRed soilLateriteBlack soilSandy soilClayey soilLoamPeat and supports... Hence it is mainly classified by its texture, proportions and different forms of organic mineral! Archean, Vindhyan, and Zaskar south-western monsoon brings salt particles and deposits there as natural... Sediment content in this soil is grown in Maharashtra falls under the of...
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