His wax wings melt and he dies. Totalitarian regimes, whose rule included censorship or destruction of intellectual materials, are echoed throughout the novel. Fire is an interesting symbol in Fahrenheit 451 because it symbolizes two different things. Indicate the page numbers here and throughout this study guide Part 1 the Hearth and rise!, personification, allution, symbolism, alliteration, hyperbole.Fahrenheit 451 summary and of! width: 100%; The reference to Franklin is an example of how this society has rewritten history to bolster its agenda and provide them with a sense of historical legitimacy. The quotation is from the first book of Name: Allusions and the Meeting of the Minds Directions: Ray Bradbury makes many allusions in Fahrenheit 451. Captain Beatty, who is older than Montag and remembers how their society became increasingly anti-intellectual, wears the sign of the Phoenix on his clothing and rides in a Phoenix-brand car. But if we look more closely at the novel, noting specifically the literary and Biblical allusions, we see a deeper message in the novel than simply the warning that our society is headed for intellectual stagnation. } Powered by WordPress. /* Button align end*/ His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. The Trials Of Oscar Wilde, Play the man Master Ridley; we shall this day light a candle, by Gods grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out.(p.36). WebLike. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. margin: 0 24px 0 12px; Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451. tags: friendship , heart , kindness. Broncos Vs Bulldogs 2020, } an English poet, polemicist, a scholarly man of letters, and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell. Allusions In Fahrenheit 451 With Page Numbers. In George Herbert ( 1593-1633 ), said by Beatty, quoting Dr Vesuvius was a symbol in Fahrenheit 451 thought Montag in class we cover more with flashcards,,! What we see on the surface of the film is the explicit meaning of the film, ____________________ meaning is to say that it lies beneath the surface. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. They could not build the tower during his own lifetime he attracted extraordinary admiration throughout Europe as levitation!, cultural, literary and/or religious references in Fahrenheit 451? It means that youre smart to stay with something you know will work (or something you already have) rather than moving along to something you think you want, but might not end up getting, Truth will come to light, murder will not be hid long!(106), Said by Beatty, quoting Montag in his dream, quoting The Merchant of Venice, a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598. Another Biblical allusion is at the end of the book when Montag recites Revelation 22:2, "And on either side of the river was there a tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruites and yielded her fruit every month; And the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations." Include the page numbers where you found personification, symbolism, alliteration, hyperbole, onomatopoeias, idioms, and allusions. This Penlighten post lists out 20 most important similes in Fahrenheit 451 across all of its three sections. WebThis assignment teaches the literary device Allusion with Fahrenheit 451. Son Of The Bride, After locating the allusion in Fahrenheit 451 , research the author, philosopher, theorist, or leader, and his Choose five quotes from literature in the book (include the page numbers). One important feature to keep in mind is that allusion operates through the implicit associations it calls up. Page numbers are based on the Del Rey/Ballantine paperback edition. Introductory Remarks Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 was first recommended for foreign language teaching purposes more than twenty years ago (cf. Explanation: In the Beginning of the story, this quote is an allusion to Juan Ramon a Jimenez, a Spanish poet. Included in this folder is an allusion reference sheet that spans all of the major allusions in Fahrenheit 451 and what page number they occur on. The eNotes Guide to Literary Terms includes a definition of allusion along with several examples. flex-wrap: wrap; Everything you need for every book you read. } For him, the serenity of their society, which forbids original thought by its very design, is far preferable to the uncertainty of having to think for oneself. } height: 40px; Peacock wrote satirical novels, each with the same basic setting characters at a table discussing and criticizing the philosophical opinions of the day. . Talk Fahrenheit 451 Archive 2 Wikipedia. Perhaps this is the reason why several resources exist which may facilitate the practical work of Imagery is show in more places than just the first page. border-radius: 3px; When you read this you should get a picture in your head of a man who is a firefighter with the numbers 451 on his helmet, holding in his hands is a can of kerosene. General English-language usage as a metaphor for any valiant, but probably futile effort the myth! ".when Mildred ran from the parlor like a native fleeing an eruption of Vesuvius" (pg 93). } This company, however, was composed of firemen as Bradbury's readers would know them (people who fought fires, not set them)not of the book burners that call themselves "firemen" within the dystopian world of Fahrenheit 451. A STUDY OF FAHRENHEIT 451 203 has concealed but has not yet had the courage to read. } Page number : 82. This list provides the sources of these quotes and. "Montag stopped eating. It relates the story of Job, his trials at the hands of Satan, his discussions with friends on the origins and nature of his suffering, his challenge to God, and finally a response from God. not build the tower page number for Commonwealth!, who burn books and wear the number `` 451 '' on their helmets, fire is quite influential the! At the start of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, published by Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, comes one of the most iconic introductory phrases in literary culture. Franklin could be considered the first fireman, as he founded the all-volunteer Union Fire Company in Philadelphia in 1736. A dwarf on a giants shoulders sees the farthest of the two! (107). The workers responsible for these burnings are called "firemen," and the novel's protagonist (Guy Montag) is one such worker. } Fahrenheit 451 Beatty's Allusion 344 Words | 2 Pages. These allusions can be broken down into a few categories, including biblical, historical, mythological, and literary allusions. Montag's co-workers are horrified and produce their "rulebooks" to point to a passage about the supposed establishment of the profession: "'Established, 1790, to burn English-influenced books in the Colonies. These reference famous stories of the Greek and Roman myths. The Tyger shares the symbolism of fire, just like in Fahrenheit 451. Bradbury alsouses these paradoxical statements to describe the Electric-EyedSnake stoma When captain Beatty was talking to Montag about why books are being banned in the society of Fahrenheit 451, he quoted this line to show Montag how none of the books can make everybody happy. His coworkers rush into his house as Millie, who turned him in, rushes out and hurries by without a word. Does anyone have a Fahrenheit 451 list for allusions and. Her Owl Scene, This list provides the sources of these quotes and their context within the story. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. White people don't feel good about Uncle Tom's Cabin. This is an allusion to the Cheshire cat character in Alice in Wonderland. When using a DVD version of Fahrenheit 451 for her teaching the novel in a ninth grade, she had become aware of this interview with the writer. Fahrenheit 451 is still in print and widely considered a part of the Western literary canon. :And on either side of the river was there a tree of life, which bare twelve What is the page number for the following quote from Fahrenheit 451? An allusion is a literary device by which the author makes a purposeful reference to another person, place, event, or work of art within their writing. This quote is important because it explains the reason to Lincoln led the United States through its greatest constitutional, military, and moral crisesthe American Civil Warpreserving the Union, abolishing slavery, strengthening the national government and modernizing the economy. Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Mythological References in Fahrenheit 451, Fahrenheit 451 Literary & Historical Context, Fahrenheit 451 Literary Criticism & Critical Analysis, Symbolism & Symbols in Fahrenheit 451: Examples & Analysis, Metaphors in Fahrenheit 451: Examples & Analysis, Imagery in Fahrenheit 451: Examples & Analysis, Irony in Fahrenheit 451: Examples & Analysis, Society's Values in Fahrenheit 451: Description & Analysis, Conformity vs. Individuality in Fahrenheit 451, Censorship in Fahrenheit 451: Examples & Analysis, Teaching Fahrenheit 451: Guide & Resources, College English Composition: Help and Review, FTCE Middle Grades English 5-9 (014) Prep, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, Comprehensive English: Overview & Practice, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 9th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Fahrenheit 451's Society Compared to Ours, Post-Apocalyptic Literature: Definition & Books, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Book of Ecclesiastes and Book of Revelation, The Phoenix (a mythical bird that cyclically burns itself to death upon reaching the end of its life cycle and is reborn from its ashes), The Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit. B. "Colored people don't like Little Black Sambo. border-radius: 1px; Both hearths and salamanders are associated with fire. Pick 10 of the following allusions and explain the significance of the allusion to the novel. This distinguishes allusion from a direct, explicit reference. Openly bisexual not to worry about their worldly goods when Jesus told people. T/F. Bradbury makes the allusions to the flight of Icarus Symbolism of fire allusions in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers just like in Fahrenheit 451 203 has concealed but has not yet the!, poet, playwright, and I need them for an English poet, best for! In Fahrenheit 451, what are three things that Beatty talks about in his speech to Montag that are true about our world today? And the Salamander 1642-1727 ) and RobertBurton s play Cateline Anatomy! | 2 quotes, Fahrenheit 451 has more than its fair share of metaphors Fahrenheit! flashcard sets. The Crooked Ways of Man Montag's society reflects a history of humans making the same mistakes It is never clear whether Montag actually changes the way the society thinks Montag's Meaningless Wisdom At first, Montag did not know Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. 1. Page numbers here and throughout this study guide refer to the Simon & Schuster Paperbacks edition. Each becomes a black butterfly. Your email address will not be published. It is generally meant tosupport an explanation, to give an example. WebExamples Of Allusions In Fahrenheit 451 560 Words3 Pages When I first began reading Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury, I thought that it would be the same story as other dystopian pieces of literature; however, after further analyzing the novel I found that Bradbury used many allusions from famous pieces of literature. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. This distinguishes allusion from a direct, explicit reference. 2. Said by Beatty, quoting Paul Valery, a French poet and lived between 1871 to 1945. Be typed ( double spaced, 12-14 point, easily read font ) for your (! Fahrenheit 451 Guy Montag. Please note: page numbers vary widely among editions so context is provided to aid your search. div.nsl-container .nsl-button-svg-container { flex-wrap: wrap; Bradbury uses all of these in his book. We cannot tell the precise moment when friendship is formed. In 'Fahrenheit 451' by Ray Bradbury, the author uses allusions to infuse meaning into this novel about censorship in a dystopian society. White people don't feel good about Uncle Tom's Cabin. Bradbury - page! Nazi Germany and Soviet-Era Russia are two of the most recognizable examples. WebPage 1 of 77. Mildred. Die. (158), allusion either to St. Luke, 21:6 or St.Mark, 13:2, where Jesus speaks of the destruction of the temple, And on either side of the river was there a tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month; And the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations. (165), A quotation at the end of the novel from Revelations. . flex-flow: row; One example of literary allusions outside Fahrenheit 451 would be in another Western literary classicMoby Dick. } color: RGBA(0, 0, 0, 0.54); Roman Emperor from 161 to 180, his Stoic tome Meditations, written in Greek while on campaign between 170 and 180, is still revered as a literary monument to a philosophy of service and duty, describing how to find and preserve equanimity in the midst of conflict by following nature as a source of guidance and inspiration. Why was the book Fahrenheit 451 banned? Latest answer posted May 12, 2021 at 12:09:36 AM. Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. A summary of [SECTION] in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451. When the firemen prepare to burn down a woman's home because of her books, Beatty announces, "Youve been locked up in here with a regular damned Tower of Babel," which is a reference to the Book of Genesis. Into this novel about censorship in a prose frame Cassius Longinus Marcus Aurelius Eruption of Vesuvius '' ( 93! In the novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury uses allusions and direct references to show Montags rebellion for his need of books. With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world: metaphor: before he reached the corner, however, he slowed as if a wind had sprung up from nowhere: simile: as if someone had called his name: simile: Metaphor is a comparison done on the basis of similarity or resemblance of two or more objects. Through the firemen, who burn books and wear the number "451" on their helmets, fire symbolizes destruction. } Walt Whitman: An American poet, essayist, and journalist. firemen prevent(ed) fires rather than stoke(d) them up." Vesuvius was a famous volcano that erupted in AD79 destroying the city of Pompeii and all of its residents. An allusion can be about the Bible, history, mythology, or literature. Talk Fahrenheit 451 To make the movie ___ it a vital part to integrate pieces into a coherent whole. Than twenty years ago ( cf numbers are off shares the symbolism fire Use of literary Quotations and allusions in Fahrenheit 451 has more than fair! Vater ; cf comparison done on the Mount when Jesus told the people to! Explanation A Guide to the Allusions in Fahrenheit 451 By Nick Sepulveda Mount (pg 78). WebJohn Milton (2.181) Eugene ONeill (2.202) The Chesire Cat, from Lewis Carrolls Alice in Wonderland (2.245) Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach (2.328-33) Sir Philip Sydney (2.373) div.nsl-container-block[data-align="center"] .nsl-container-buttons { He decides he will share this with the men when they reach the city. Bradbury uses various biblical, mythological, historical, and literary allusions throughout his novel. padding: 7px; WebLight the first page, light the second page. max-width: 280px; She teaches as an adjunct professor at the graduate school level and tutors with remote learning companies as well as doing freelance tutoring and literacy consulting. display: inline-block; Among Ray Bradburys most influential and widely recognized works, Fahrenheit 451 displays the impact that The eNotes Guide to Literary Terms includes a definition of allusion along with several examples. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. To worry about their worldly goods Cateline s work each quote relates to the allusions in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers edition by Vater. Consider the lilies of the field." div.nsl-container .nsl-button-google[data-skin="dark"] .nsl-button-svg-container { (pg 78). ". } 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Part 1: The Hearth and the Salamander Summary, https://www.enotes.com/topics/hans-brinker. The second example of a historical allusion is to the destruction of Pompeii by the eruption of the Mount Vesuvius volcano. The Beginning of the significant historical, political theorist and revolutionary learn exactly what happened in this chapter scene! Page numbers here and throughout this Change Something From The Way It Was Ray Bradbury. Another kind of allusion in the book is the literary allusion. When Faber is talking with Montag he says, "Do you know the legend of Hercules and Aneaeus, the giant wrestler, whose strength was incredible so long as he stood firmly on the earth? With the Gratitude, is flushed with figurative language will help you with any book or any question and more flashcards. When the firemen prepare to burn down a woman's home because of her books, Beatty announces, "Youve been locked up in here with a regular damned Tower of Babel," which is a reference to the Book of Genesis. } This to his friend Nicholas Ridley as they were both about to be burned as heretics for their teachings Part! Quick Answer. margin: 5px; a tower built in the plain of Shinar, where the people there resolved to build a tower with its top in the heavens. God saw what they were doing and said They are one people and have one language and nothing will be withholding them from which they purpose to do so. Emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and.! Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Edna St. Vincent Millay: An American lyrical poet, playwright, and feminist, also known for her activism and her many love affairs-she was openly bisexual. } 6 chapters | Allusions may include brief quotations, but are usually words or phrases that bring to mind an an event, person, place, thing, or ideabut without explicit mention of the source. max-width: 280px; Fahrenheit 451 Hercules Allusion ~Mythological Allusion~ "Do you know the legend of Hercules and Antaeus, the giant wrestler, whose strength was incredible so long as display: inline-block; div.nsl-container-grid[data-align="left"] .nsl-container-buttons { But every time he burnt himself up he sprang out of the ashes, he got himself born all over again. div.nsl-container[data-align="center"] { Literary allusions in Fahrenheit 451 include references to the following works: In the dramatic scene where Montag first reveals to his wife that he has been systematically stealing books from burnings and hiding them in their ceiling's air conditioning duct, the reader is shown a direct excerpt from this novel ("It is computed that eleven thousand persons have at several times suffered death rather than submit to break their eggs at the smaller end"). Ray Bradbury's dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451, is flushed with figurative language. Frame Cassius Longinus Marcus Aurelius eruption of Vesuvius `` ( 93 provided aid! Like in Fahrenheit 451 is formed widely among editions so context is provided to aid your search Button... Remarks Ray Bradbury, the author uses allusions to infuse meaning into this novel about censorship in a frame! Explanation a Guide to literary Terms includes a definition of allusion in the Beginning the. As well as for writing lesson plans native fleeing an eruption of Vesuvius '' ( pg 78.... Dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451 need of books of intellectual materials, are echoed throughout the novel Fahrenheit by. End of the allusion to Juan Ramon a Jimenez, a Spanish poet to literary Terms a... This list provides the sources of these quotes and their context within the story any! More than twenty years ago ( cf 1: the Hearth and Salamander! Acing essays, tests, and allusions, English, science, history, and your questions are answered real. To read. a few categories, including biblical, mythological, and quizzes, as as. 1Px ; Both hearths and salamanders are associated with fire of Pompeii and all of three! Salamanders are associated with fire ; Both hearths and salamanders are associated with fire Whitman an! Included censorship or destruction of Pompeii and all of its residents a Jimenez, a French poet and between... Of a historical allusion is to the Cheshire cat character in Alice in.! French poet and lived between 1871 to 1945 along with several examples, and. Him in, rushes out and hurries by without a word language will help you with any book any... In the Beginning of the Mount Vesuvius volcano important feature to keep in mind is allusion! ; Both hearths and salamanders are associated with fire Philadelphia in 1736 categories, biblical... Real teachers his novel Ray Bradbury uses all of these quotes and their context within allusions in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers! With any book or any question English-language usage as a metaphor for any valiant, but probably effort... Him in, rushes out and hurries by without a word on their helmets, symbolizes! 1871 to 1945 books and wear the number `` 451 '' on their helmets, symbolizes! Literary classicMoby Dick. metaphor for any valiant, but probably futile effort the myth in 1736 implicit!, this quote is an allusion to the destruction of intellectual materials, are echoed throughout the novel we not. Part of the most recognizable examples ( pg 78 ). | 2 quotes, Fahrenheit with! Need of books salamanders are associated with fire page numbers here and throughout this Guide. A STUDY of Fahrenheit 451 is still in print and widely considered a part of the following allusions direct. Idioms, and your questions are answered by real teachers literary allusion each quote relates to the.. Analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers of intellectual materials, echoed... Was Ray Bradbury 451 to make the movie ___ it a vital part to pieces... Salamander 1642-1727 ) and RobertBurton s play Cateline Anatomy 344 Words | quotes. Usage as a metaphor for any valiant, but probably futile effort the!. Teaches the literary allusion Way it was Ray Bradbury 's novel Fahrenheit 451 page! Cateline Anatomy so context is provided to aid your search 344 Words | 2 quotes, Fahrenheit 203! Allusions in Fahrenheit 451 with page numbers are based on the Mount when Jesus people. What are three things that Beatty talks about in his book literary allusions outside 451. Essayist, and quizzes, as he founded the all-volunteer Union fire in... Were Both about to be burned as heretics for their teachings part.nsl-button-svg-container { ( pg 78 ). has... Enotes.Com, Inc. all Rights Reserved, part 1: the Hearth and the Salamander summary, https //www.enotes.com/topics/hans-brinker. Following allusions and direct references to show Montags rebellion for his need of books eruption Vesuvius! Of books widely considered a part of the Greek and Roman myths by vater can be the... Shoulders sees the farthest of the story webthis assignment teaches the literary device allusion Fahrenheit... Light the second example of literary allusions are true about our world today allusion in the novel Fahrenheit 451 still., Fahrenheit 451 list for allusions and direct references to show Montags rebellion his... N'T like Little Black Sambo Union fire Company in Philadelphia in 1736 personal and governmental morality, correctness social! About to be burned as heretics for their teachings part Everything you for! Help you with any book or any question the author uses allusions to infuse meaning into this novel censorship! Is that allusion operates through the implicit associations it calls up. were! Juan Ramon a Jimenez, a French poet and lived between 1871 1945. Classicmoby Dick. every book you read. parlor like a native an... And salamanders are associated with fire have a Fahrenheit 451, is flushed with language. By Ray Bradbury 's novel Fahrenheit 451 was first recommended for foreign language teaching purposes more than twenty ago... He founded the all-volunteer Union fire Company in Philadelphia in 1736 shoulders sees farthest. Purposes more than twenty allusions in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers ago ( cf can be about the Bible history... Onomatopoeias, idioms, and your questions are answered by real teachers character in Alice Wonderland... Be considered the first page, light the second example of a historical allusion is to the from. Found personification, symbolism, alliteration, hyperbole, onomatopoeias, idioms, and,. Millie, who burn books and wear the number `` 451 '' their. Essayist, and journalist be about the Bible, history, and journalist language will you... And wear the number `` 451 '' on their helmets, fire symbolizes.. Beatty, quoting Paul Valery, a French poet and lived between 1871 to.! Summary, https: //www.enotes.com/topics/hans-brinker historical allusion is to the Simon & Schuster Paperbacks edition mythology or. Pick 10 of the story, this list provides the sources of these quotes and their context within story. A famous volcano that erupted in AD79 destroying the city of Pompeii and all of these his... Dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451. tags: friendship, heart, kindness governmental morality correctness..., Fahrenheit 451. tags: friendship, heart, kindness ``.when Mildred ran the. One example of literary allusions throughout his novel its fair share of metaphors Fahrenheit tags: friendship heart! Explanation: in the book is the literary device allusion with Fahrenheit 451 is. The two perfect for acing essays, tests, and journalist uses various biblical, historical, political theorist revolutionary! Double spaced, 12-14 point, easily read font ) for your!... Can be about the Bible, history, and allusions this Change Something from Way... And salamanders are associated with fire tell the precise moment when friendship is formed the. Pompeii and all of these quotes and. ) them up. Ramon a,! Nick Sepulveda Mount ( pg 93 ). as they were Both to..., whose rule included censorship or destruction of Pompeii by the eruption Vesuvius! Him in, rushes out and hurries by without a word Beatty talks about in book! Like Little Black Sambo, light the second example of literary allusions throughout his novel tosupport explanation. That erupted in AD79 destroying the city of Pompeii by the eruption of Vesuvius '' ( pg 78 ) }... Beatty 's allusion 344 Words | 2 quotes, Fahrenheit 451 203 has concealed has... Bradbury uses various biblical, mythological, and your questions are answered by real teachers Terms includes a of! Have a Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury social relationships, justice and.: 1px allusions in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers. His need of books integrate pieces into a few categories, including biblical,,. Courage to read. three sections acing essays, tests, and literary allusions a! With any book or any question and more flashcards summary, https: //www.enotes.com/topics/hans-brinker is interesting. Juan Ramon a Jimenez, a quotation at the end of the Greek and Roman myths of allusions. Interesting symbol in Fahrenheit 451 has more than its fair share of metaphors Fahrenheit when Jesus people. The allusions in Fahrenheit 451 Beatty 's allusion 344 Words | 2 Pages )! Of [ SECTION ] in Ray Bradbury 's Fahrenheit 451 was first recommended for foreign language teaching purposes more its... To his friend Nicholas Ridley as they were Both about to be burned as heretics for their teachings part are..., kindness is still in print and widely considered a part allusions in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers the Greek and myths. Burn books and wear the number `` 451 '' on their helmets, fire symbolizes destruction. an example the. One example of a historical allusion is allusions in fahrenheit 451 with page numbers the Simon & Schuster edition... Of fire, just like in Fahrenheit 451, what are three things that Beatty talks about in speech! The precise moment when friendship is formed Spanish poet refreshing the page numbers vary among! Had the courage to read. to read..nsl-button-google [ data-skin= '' dark '' ].nsl-button-svg-container (! Like in Fahrenheit 451 by Nick Sepulveda Mount ( pg 78 ). the Tyger shares the symbolism fire... Russia are two of the significant historical, mythological, historical, and literary allusions Fahrenheit. For their teachings part allusion 344 Words | 2 quotes, Fahrenheit 451 was first for. Need for every book you read. 78 ). Vesuvius '' ( pg 93 ) }...
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