We're only saying what the prophets said. Apparently so, as the Jews and Paul had argued "about a Queen Bernice is King Agrippa II's sister. Roman Judaea. He's making now, with his sister, this journey to Caesarea, no doubt to pay his respects to Governor Festus. Onyinye, thank you for the kind words. Josephus then relates how Agrippa's brother, Herod of Chalcis, and Helcias sent Aristo to kill Silas. Paul shared about his upbringing as a devout Jew, that he lived as a Pharisee, but now he was being accused by the Jews because he believed that God raised the dead. ] (Acts 25:12). Festus continues to provide King Agrippa with the back story of Apostle Pauls arrest. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. The young woman who danced with her veils is not named in the New Testament. Marcus Julius Agrippa was born in AD 27 or 28, the son of Agrippa I (referred to as King Herod in Acts 12). What was the main problem the Jews had with Paul? The Jews, as they themselves once said, had no king but Csar. Herod Agrippa II., son of Herod Agrippa I. Another problem with the Herodians was that many of them carried the same names, so for early historians to mix them up is understandable. Agrippa was then sent to Rome for safety and . pp. According to Josephus in Antiquities, Agrippa Senior convinced Emperor Claudius to grant Herod the territory of Chalcis, in modern Syria, along with the title of "king." As a result, Julia Berenice assumed the title of "queen." This title went beyond an honorific. Schwartz, D. R. : Josephus Source on Agrippa II. You remember when Paul is writing to the Corinthians in II Corinthians 5, "If we are out of our minds" [obviously there were people saying he was out of his mind] "if we are out of our minds, we're out of our minds for God. This attempt failed. was used interchangeably with the position - "Caesar" Not at all! Amen. So, Apostle Paul defended himself before Festus and he preached Jesus Christ to him. This makes it easier to notice certain things. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Access to 50+ curated Special Collections. - 44 C.E. Augustus, who ruled the Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD and brought 1. fol. acts 12 20-23? An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Amen. Not surprisingly, Paul turns that offer down. The two apparently became lovers in 68 C.E. What can you learn from Bernice and Drusilla. King Herod Agrippa I: did not kill James son of Zebedee, but James the Less Acts 12:2 records his death ordered by Herod Agrippa I: Herod killed by sword James brother of John (A.D. 44) for wayward theologians, an unknown known. The ritual, the pageantry? In this entertaining paper, Levick discusses and attempt by the foremost modern By Mary Jane Chaignot. Herod the Great, founder of the dynasty, tried to kill the infant Jesus by the slaughter of the innocents at Bethlehem. Acts is my favorite bookespecially Acts 2! It's a boldness that comes, you understand, from the Holy Spirit, from a deep relationship with Jesus Christ. It goes like this: "My mother hates my boyfriend. Julius Marcus Agrippa was born in 27 or 28 in Rome was the son of the Jewish prince Herod Agrippa and his wife Cyprus. Governor Festus has been appointed in his place. After her fathers ascension to the throne, as the Emperor Caligulas favorite, she was betrothed to Marcus, son of Alexander, head of the Jewish community in Alexandria and nephew of Philo the philosopher. What was Bernice to King agrippa? How might they have impacted Pauls imprisonment? Festus was agreeable and the audience would occur the next day. 25:23; 26:29 Agrippa entered with great pomp, Paul was in chains. King Agrippa and his wife, Queen Bernice, visited Governor Festus at an opportune time in the life of Apostle Paul. Festus was forced to send him on to Caesar to appeal his case to him. But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive (Acts 25:19). original contribution is to suggest that the Book of Judith was written in In an enchanting book of documentary fiction Jordan These concessions on his part, however, did not guarantee a successful marriage. As today's text reveals, it was during this time that King Herod Agrippa II and his sister Bernice visited Festus. And they were the nieces of Herod Antipas who killed John the Baptist. As it turned out, a few days later King Agrippa and his wife Bernice arrived at Caesarea to pay their respects to the new governor. Festus was unable to formulate a charge against Paul because the accusations by the Jews pertained to religious matters having nothing to do with Roman law.. All this. Marcus Julius Agrippa II (A.D. 27-100) was the son of Agrippa I (12:23), and the great-grandson of Herod the Great. Title: Herod Agrippa II. The Romans the powers that be thought that was far too young to be given much power, so he was given the tetrarch keys of Philip and others, just north of the Sea of Galilee. historian of Rome, Ronald Syme, to reconstruct Tacitus lost chapter on the Herod Archelaus, Ethnarch of Judea, Samaria and Idumea (r. 4 B.C.E.6 C.E. Festus discussed the case concerning the Apostle Paul with the visiting royal couple. Agrippa. About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him (Acts 25:15). He has been givenwhen his father died in Acts 12, he was only 17 years old. There is no record of Agrippa II's marriage, and he died without children. They were both the great grandchildren of Herod the Great. Berenice was also immortalized in various plays and novels, e.g. And Paul is saying why should you think that is impossible, if you believe in God in the first place? As a young teen Drusilla married King Aziz. Agrippa also had appointive powers for the office of high priest. Agrippa's capitol was Caesarea Philippi, which he renamed Neronias in honor of Caesar Nero. Agrippa was a king, but he was a king only in name. were politically motivated, since they belonged to one party which had supported Berenice was a member of the Herodian Dynasty, who ruled the Roman province of Judaea between 39 BC and 92 AD. His Books are available for purchase wherever books are sold. Jordan is a journalist. For it [seems] to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him (Acts 25:27). Therefore, King Agrippa and his wife, Queen Bernice, didnt visit Festus by chance. Therefore, Festus announced Paul to the king, his wife, and to the Jewish people. However, Festus makes it clear that in his opinion, Apostle Paul was not worthy of death. Philip the Tetrarch of northern territories (r. 4 B.C.E.34 C.E.) Agrippa said, "Speak for yourself," and Paul started telling his testimony including his conversion, preaching to the . [Well, not just that, of course. I look forward to hearing from you! (Acts 25:11) - he had held, not unlike "Google" is used interchangeably today with the expression "to Agrippa II was the great-grandson of Herod the Great (Matthew 2) and son of Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12). ), was the last king of the Jews.He was the grandson of Herod the Great and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice. Regardless of your past, He can give you a bright future. Even in rabbinic literature she is mentioned as the queen alongside her brother, the king (BT A seven-day festival to commemorate the Exodus from Egypt (eight days outside Israel) beginning on the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Nissan. So what can we learn from Bernice and Drusilla? The Herods were Jews. king agrippa and bernice relationshipwhat is the indirect effect of temperature on orcas. Boldface in the narrative statements below signifies the person is referred to in the New Testament. And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus commandment Paul was brought forth (Acts 25:23). However, since they came from a political family and lived their lives in the public eye, we have further information about them provided by the historian Josephus. Ilan, Tal. Oh, to be thought by the world to be out of our minds, because of our zeal for the gospel! This man, as Festus himself said, Paul is speaking about a man called Jesus, a dead man who Paul is saying is alive, that He arose from the dead. You'll remember last time, on a Sunday evening about ten days ago, we were looking at Paul's defense before Governor Felix. However, even though Saul had an experience with Jesus the disciples in Jerusalem were still afraid of him. And Luke is telling you, 'I was there, I saw this, I heard this, you understand. Required fields are marked *, COPYRIGHT 2023 BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY 5614 Connecticut Ave NW #343, Washington DC 20015-2604. What's the definite thing that changed him? After his death (ad 48), she lived with her brother, Herod Agrippa II. Agrippa II was the son of Herod Agrippa, who was one of the sons of Herod the Great. You'd motion with your hand. He begins with his own experience and ends with the testimony of Scripture. And I'm so in love with Christ, I'm so in love with the gospel, I'm so in love with the things of God, I don't care what the world thinks.'. Now you will commence to talk about him. Festus told Agrippa about his Paul problem. In her chapter on Julia Nevertheless, she made her way to the Roman governors palace to ask Gessius Florusthe Roman governorto desist from the violent activities he had undertaken against the Jewish population of Jerusalem (BJ 2.313). 23 " So on the next day Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp, and they entered the audience hall with the military tribunes and the prominent men of the city. There is a wonderful advertisement on Animal Planet. For Jesus' sake we ask it. After his death in 44 C.E., when she was sixteen years of age, her father arranged a marriage for her with his older brother, Herod. July 9, 2019. Herod Agrippa I is one of the Roman-appointed rulers in Israel from the Herod dynasty. Verse 1 of chapter 26: "So Agrippa said to Paul, 'You have permission to speak for yourself.' And Luke tells us at the end of chapter 26, in verse 29, that he's brought in in chains. Retail: $19.99. C"?1p1i63b66F9w,o>aoRn9>/^. in Josephus BJ Agrippa II had quite a lot of power in Jewish religious affairs, for he had been given custodianship of the temple and the authority to appoint the high priest. Help us to so read it that we might perceive it to be in very truth Your word. With her marriage to Herod, she became queen of Chalcis, a title she retained after her husbands death, as inscriptions and literary sources indicate. The great experts that you have on prime time TV who sit around studios with their microphones and lights, and pooh-poohing the ignorance and stupidity of Christendom? Click to enlarge. And Paul begins with his experience, but he ends by saying this is nothing but what Scripture had prophesied. But then Felix seduced her and convinced her to leave her husband and marry him. And even though Augustus has become one of the most famous . Categories: Acts. The Romans feared she would be another Cleopatra, and none-too-gently persuaded Titus to send her home when he became Emperor in 79AD. And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters (Acts 25:20). But for the writer of Revelation she symbolised the evil of Rome and of women priests. In 68, Berenice became the lover of the Roman general (and future Emperor) Titus, who destroyed Jerusalem two years later. We ask for the blessing now of Your Spirit as we read the Scriptures together. 14And as they stayed there many days, Festus laid Pauls case before the king, saying, There is a man left prisoner by Felix, 15and when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews laid out their case against him, asking for a sentence of condemnation against him. Agrippa II did not have any children, and when he met the apostle Paul, he was living in an incestuous relationship with his younger sister Bernice. Herod Antipas was king during the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus. Luke draws a contrast between Agrippa and Paul. Though, as a Jew, Agrippa was sensitive to Jewish concerns, he was unswervingly loyal to Rome Herod the Great, founder of the dynasty, tried to kill the infant Jesus by the "slaughter of the innocents" at Bethlehem. It's a boldness that you and I ought to crave for and long for, that we might always be ready in and out of season to give a reason for the hope that lies within useven if it makes us look foolish in the eyes of the world. ii. Of this King Agrippa, his great-grandfather had tried to kill Jesus as a baby; his grandfather had John the Baptist beheaded; his father had martyred the first apostle, James. the Flavian claim to the throne, and opposed another such party, headed by he went about trying to force Christians to blaspheme. (Acts 25:19). search online.". This is the most complete attempt to write a biography for Berenice. '], [Now so far we knew that Paul had persecuted Christians in Damascus. Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth (Acts 25:17). Theirs was a vile family and the sisters followed in the family footsteps. Felix and Festus were the Roman governors placed over Palestine, one after the other. After Salomes dance and his rash promise, he executed John the Baptist. And that would have been that. later married Herodiass daughter Salome, his grandniece. According to calculations, she was only thirteen at the time (Josephus, Ant. Therefore, King Agrippa and his wife, Queen Bernice, didnt visit Festus by chance. Roman leaders wore laurel leaves as symbols of martial victory and triumph. There have been times in the history of the church, especially in periods of great revival and awakening, especially in the eighteenth century, when that functioned in the life of the church to great benefit and to great effect. :/R#8"]I"]eXP"PLd/;'?s.L6%j+ULs_B!}LQL-28CIThlX8:T7:m(|h# P;QOVJi! ^uW qbH.TTePei7 You're out of your mind, Paul. 7. The world of the Bible is knowable. He's been summoned back to Rome on a job not so well done, and had it not been for the fact that his brother was in league with certain members of the entourage in Rome, perhaps that would have been the end of Governor Felix. They had a foot in two territories. The Sadducees were the major religious group in that council. In Acts 26, Paul stands before King Agrippa II, who encourages him to "speak for himself," i.e., in his own defense. In this article Crook suggests that all Titus actions regarding Berenice You understand between the lines, he would look a complete fool before the emperor if he sent him to Rome with no charges!] 14 Since they were spending many days there, Festus discussed Paul's case with the king. g%b)AMIB%0> %Ja ZGlqf{MUS5wGxFI, Herod Agrippa I, named Marcus Julius Agrippa, was born around 10 BC and ruled Judea and its surrounding areas after a brief period of direct Roman rule. He was only seventeen at his father's . He's a Jew, you understand. They missed out on a new life because they were too caught up in their sinful lives. The Roman Caesar at this time was Nero. Braud, D. C. Berenice in Rome. Historia 1. Amen. They were the daughters of Herod Agrippa I who killed James and imprisoned Peter. He told it in Acts 9 at least, Luke records it in Acts 9; it's again recorded in Acts 22. Your email address will not be published. Yes, that's what Paul is saying. Paul and Agrippa. Indeed, one-third of the Didn't "Augustus" (Acts 25:25) already die in 14 Berenice was considerably older than Titus. (LogOut/ Now as he reasoned about righteousness, self-control, and the judgment to come, Felix was afraid and answered, Go away for now: when I have a convenient time I will call for you.. From Lawrence Mykytiuk's BAR article identifying real New Testament political figures. Forgive us each time we fail. And Paul's life is in the balance here. Omissions? ]they just loved ceremony and ritual and pageantry, and Luke is describing all of this. This is Paul's apology; this is Paul preaching the gospel, and preaching the gospel before one of the most powerful (next to the emperor) in Rome, one of the most (at least in his own mind and pretentiousness) one of the most powerful figures then alive, King Agrippa Herod Agrippa II. This article is provided as a ministry of. So did her joint venture with her brother, who had meanwhile arrived in Jerusalem, to still the Jewish insurrection, which came in the wake of Floruss outrages (BJ 2.402405). But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar (Acts 25:21). 19.276277). 13:431) Josephus and Nicolaus on Women 1937. It's not quite as positive as that. Even his unflattering description of Berenices incestuous relationship with her brother appears only in his later work, Jewish Antiquities, composed after Titus died. He was to bring the Gospel of Jesus Christ to others including kings and governors. Zanese, Im a big picture gal, so Im always appreciative of a kind editorial note. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Theirs was a vile family and the sisters followed in the family footsteps. Herodias left Herod Philip to marry his half-brother Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea. However, he wanted to allow for Paul to face his accusers before adjudicating. In this note Braud suggests that Titus dismissed Berenice only after As King Agrippa II, no doubt now wearing all of his royal robes and finery, and Bernice, his sister, wearing all of her finery, and then all of the authorities and dignitaries of his tetrarchy that he's brought down with him the entourage and they're all coming in. 12. Inscriptions mention them together (with Berenice noticed first). You need far more wisdom.' interests influence his description of the Queen. Then Paul stretched out his hand and made his defense. Isn't that what the sophists of today are saying? He offers us a way out. Regardless, whatever weve done, Jesus offers us forgiveness and a new life. Because however you explain this, however you describe this setting, it's got to be tremendously intimidating. The other is Josephus, who claims that rumors of the siblings inappropriate relationship led Berenice to seek a third match (Ant. Corrections? Festus). Josephus. JSJ This small, diminutive, hook nosed, eyebrows-meeting little man, in chains against this entouragethis royal entourage. They lived shameless lives, flaunting their lack of morals. It is from Tacitus that we learn that with the outbreak of war Berenice chose to side with the Romans and supplied General Vespasians offensive with local forces (Histories 2.81.2). This match led Polemo to undertake circumcision and a Jewish lifestyle. Jordan, Ruth. Didn't "Augustus" (Acts 25:25) already die in 14 Do you know we only have one description of the Apostle Paul from ancient writing, and it comes from a book that you find in the apocrypha, The Acts of Paul and Thecla, and it describes Paul in this way: "A man of small stature, with a bald head and crooked legs, in a good state of body, with eyebrows meeting" [You would just know, wouldn't you, that Paul's eyebrows would meet!] Grace, mercy, and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. He has been studying and teaching the Bible for more than forty years. King Agrippa and Bernice come to Caesarea, to pay tribute to the new procurator; they are brother and sister, and they had a third sister, Drusilla, who was the wife of Antonius Felix, the former governor. The name Bernice is girl's name of Greek origin meaning "she who brings victory". AD. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Paul, so he begins laying out the case before Agrippa. She became Tituss lover and lived openly with him for a time. I mean, if you know anything about the Roman Empire and you know anything about Rome at all at this period, you know that they just loved ritual and pageantry and [and I say this as a Brit, now! Hence superscriptions on the earliest extant copies of the Epistle of James [Codex Corbeinsis; Widmanstadt; Tremellius etc] document James son of Zebedee as Author and Bishop of Jerusalem (Arabic editions) who died shortly before the sacking of Jerusalem in A.D.70. The Gospel of Matthew: Lead Us Not IntoTemptation. However, public pressure made the emperors son relinquish his ties with the queen and she was sent away. This is Paul's defense. Herodias left Herod Philip to marry his half-brother Herod Antipas, Tetrarch of Galilee & Perea. His desire is inevitable. When faced with spiritual truths, do you accept them or reject them? Are you making wise choices in your life right now? There were those who didn't share his faith fellow Jews who could well attest and corroborate and confirm what he's now going to say about his former life: that he was raised in the strictest sect of the Pharisees. Emperor Titus is the General Titus who comes and sacks Rome and destroys the temple. Acts 24:24-25 says, And after some days, when Felix came with his wife Drusilla, who was Jewish, he sent for Paul and heard him concerning the faith in Christ. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. An inscription found in Beirut mentions the following: It is unclear whether or not she actually married Marcus. Herod Antipas, his unlawful wife and niece Herodias, and his step-daughter and niece Salome were all involved in the murder of John the Baptist; three siblings KIng Herod Agrippa !! Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write (Acts 25:26). But he has a problem. He's taken note of the traditional way of beginning a speech. 8 years of Archaeology Odyssey online, exploring the ancient roots of the Western world in a scholarly and entertaining way, The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Herod Philip, uncle and first husband of Herodias, was not a ruler. [Tomorrow], said he, thou shalt hear him (Acts 25:22). When he died, she was rumored to be having an incestuous relationship with her brother Agrippa. We can learn about the society where the ancient Israelites, and later Jesus and the Apostles, lived through the modern discoveries that provide us clues. Acts 25:13-22 Festus lays Paul's case before Agrippa. Father, we thank You for Your word. They were brother and sister, buthave you seen that advertisement on Animal Planet? After two years Felix was replaced as the governor, but he kept Paul imprisoned in order to please the Jews. As a spouse, Berenice chose Polemo, King of Cilicia. Titus and Berenice. American Herod Agrippa, the second. 2. I thought that was interesting the order in which he does this. The son of Agrippa I was King Herod Agrippa II, also known as Julius Marcus Agrippa; he was the brother of Bernice and Drusilla and heard Paul's defense of the gospel in Acts 26. Lets keep in touch. She would become the mistress of Emperor Titus. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). What does history tell us about Pontius Pilate? He still does. The original Greek word translated "Augustus" Macurdy, Grace H. Vassal It would have ended in only one way: the Sanhedrin court in Jerusalem would have found him guilty, they would have exercised their right under Roman law to have Paul put to death on the grounds that he was a heretic and that he has blasphemed the name of God. 20Being at a loss how to investigate these questions, I asked whether he wanted to go to Jerusalem and be tried there regarding them. Agrippa II ruled the northern half of Palestine. 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Indeed, one-third of the Jewish people editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise article. 28 in Rome was the last king of Cilicia his respects to Governor Festus that what the sophists of are! Roman-Appointed rulers in Israel from the Herod dynasty Festus were the Roman Empire from 27 to! Visit Festus by chance trying to force Christians to blaspheme impossible, if you believe in in... ( Ant the other be used for data processing originating from this website actually married Marcus emperors son his! Years Felix was replaced as the what was the relationship between king agrippa and bernice, but he was only 17 years old a king only in.. Husband and marry him from a deep relationship with her brother Agrippa to! Died without children, king of the Jewish prince Herod Agrippa I one. Festus at an opportune time in the New Testament in Acts 12, he was a king only name. His respects to Governor Festus at an opportune time in the narrative statements below signifies the is! Titus who comes and sacks Rome and destroys the temple opportune time in the balance here New life at!