A mature assignment of responsibility is normally taken to require that the following considerations hold: At the boundaries of the question about whether business ethics is necessary, there are conflicting and extreme perceptions of the business world. Such a movement needs to both block and build: block bad actors, and build a new pluralistic society that works. What does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the values? Only half that money stays with the publisher to cover specialized printing costs. "An argument of fact is basically a claim about what is or is not the case in the real world. In contrast, people do not usually "give in" to someone else's value choices. Enrolling an outsider as a mediator is often helpful, since the parties in a conflict may be too close to the issues to provide the objectivity needed. 1.2 The Place of Business Ethics. The purpose of a lawsuit is to get a judge or a jury to apply the law to the facts and resolve the dispute. This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 license. What is an advantage of following the local customs when making economic decisions like the one confronting Apple? The proposal here is that individuals are naturally and undeniably endowed with rights to their own lives, their freedom, and to pursue happiness as they see fit. Chng I: Quy trnh thnh lp Bn - K khai ng k Cp GCN For that reason, theres no strict historical advance to the study: theres no reason to confidently assert that the way we do ethics today is superior to the way we did it in the past. Is it unethical to take the pledge without expecting to adhere to it simply because you think it will help in your job search, or is that strategy just a different kind of ethics? Some feel that all values, including moral ones, are merely matters of opinion and preference, relative to the person and their culture. An issue of the Cato Institutes Policy Report from 2000 carries an article titled Business Ethics Gone Wrong. It asserts that some proponents of business ethics arent only bothersomely envioustheir resentment-fueled scolding actually threatens our collective economic welfare. When a university takes tuition money from a student and promises to do the best job possible in providing an education to the student, then it better do that. The shares more than doubled last year.. One of the most appealing resolution strategies for value conflicts is one that seeks a state of coexistence or tolerance. Its a form of egoism, a theory to be developed in later chapters but with values and rules that can be rapidly sketched here. If people can talk at the water cooler and parties, why cant they post on Facebook? Similarly, bosses that abuse and mistreat subordinates will soon find that no one wants to work for them. I will protect the right of future generations to advance their standard of living and enjoy a healthy planet. Many students come to school expecting honesty from their institution and fidelity to agreements. Evidence can be measured, computed, or illustrated Broadly, there are three ways to dispute an argument in ethics. Things clear up when you look closely at the six-dollar difference between the standard new book cost and the customized UA version. Do I have an obligation to report on someone else doing something I think is wrong? After all, what kind of scientific experiment or investigation can be performed in order to find the basis for a value, such as the importance of being tolerant or the immorality of murder? 4. Against that reality theres the universitys own claim to be a student-centered institution. The questions asked on this level include the following: Where do ethics come from? On the other hand, it may just have been a bad day; its possible that she usually gets up in the morning eager to mount the ambulance. On the basis of what? Has this book helped you? I.E., on facts between management and employees that leads to an action protest! For example, a dispute over some scientific fact will demand that experts in the appropriate fields be employed, tests and experiments may be required, and data must be analyzed. itself, and why is that an ethics. The back and forth of debates about kickback textbooks occurs on one of the three distinct levels of consideration about right and wrong. Should they? I know Source A is right because it is never wrong. Its much harder for UA students to find used copies, forcing many to buy a new version. That your car broke down? What does it mean to double down on an argument? Many of us define who we and others, Perez Hilton wrote that Souza displayed disloyalty to her company when she trashed the management on Facebook. As long as this valuethe greatest total goodframes the assessment of kickback textbooks, the way is clear for Tech or Alabama to continue the practice. Nothing because shes doing her job just fine. 6 years ago, Posted They get their books, roll their eyes at the cash register, and get on with things. People who argue against this . The ethical question is whether Apple ought to contract (through suppliers) fifteen-year-olds to work on factory floors. The master can be a plantation owner or a King or an oligarchy or a society that demands your servitude. Whats the difference between morality and ethics? First, there are immediate conventions that may pull against personal desires; they include standards and pressures applied by family and friends. Who has a better foreign policy, Republicans or Democrats? Frequently understood as a theory of freedom maximization, the proposition is that your freedom is only limited by the freedoms others possess. If someone is programmed to be an opportunistic parasite in business, can we blame them for what they do? Custom, tradition, and habit all also guide decisions. This matter has been fiercely debated for quite some time. Workers who cheat on expense reports or pocket money from the till will eventually get caught and fired. From the information given and reasonable assumptions about these factories and the living conditions of people working inside them, sketch an ethical argument, From the information given and reasonable assumptions about these factories and the living conditions of people working inside them, sketch an argument. One reason the story reached one of the United States largest circulation dailies is that a lot of universities are starting to get in on the cash. What are two reasons business ethics decisions tend to affect lives outside work? One of the most important questions about a situations facts is whos involved?. In the meantime, ethics lie somewhere between values and facts -- we expect some variation but won't tolerate it when it is too serious or adversely affects us. Does the question reference wrong data/reportor numbers? In liberal societies, it is common for groups with vastly different values to coexist in a relatively peaceful way. MoralsDirect rules we ought to follow. How does the correction work? Solution:- 1) DISPUTING AN ARGUMENT ON THE BASIS OF REASONING:- To dispute an argument on the basis of reasoning means that you are refuting someone else's stand on the basis of making sense of things, making logical counterarguments, and justifying institutions, practices and beliefs that are based on existing or otherwise new information that I used to bring my singles into class and play them, Hurwitz said. The commenter as is skeptical. Such decisions are value choices--one person may value luxuries, while the other values frugality. Decisions about good or bad, that means, dont focus on what happens now but what comes later, and theyre not about the one person making the decision but the consequences as they envelop a larger community. The values guiding our desires and aspirations are there whether theyre revealed or not. One's values are among one's most cherished beliefs. The latter are doing the same thing, just without fully realizing it. - Hypotheses occur when seeing questions like "what if? Expert Answer. What are two ways business ethics decisions may affect lives outside work? Possibly embrace itan attitude facilitated by an infamous article originally published in the Harvard Business Review. Your decision is whether whatever is on your mind is more important than your job. Does freedom of speechor any other basic libertyend or get conditioned when the workday begins? Of course, no one likes to openly admit that they are wrong, but a well-supported fact is a powerful thing. The Beyond Intractability Knowledge Base Project To foster ethical discussion and understanding in the workplace, the Lockheed Martin company developed a quiz for employees called Gray Matters. The quiz is multiple choice, with a range of points awarded (or subtracted) depending on the response. Im not sure it passes the smell test.John Hechinger, As Textbooks Go Custom, Students Pay: Colleges Receive Royalties for School-Specific Editions; Barrier to Secondhand Sales, Wall Street Journal, July 10, 2008, accessed May 11, 2011, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121565135185141235.html. But this view has an unappealing consequence: if all value judgments are subjective, then it is possible to justify any action, including the worst one can imagine. Ethics doesnt have that. [5] For an example of obvious adversary science, the Public Health Association of Australia writes: "The Tobacco Institute of Australia, a joint industry body formerly representing the three tobacco companies active in Australia, has been found guilty of 'misleading and deceptive conduct' under the Trade Practices Act in regard to its public statement that "there is little evidence and nothing which proves scientifically that cigarette smoke causes disease in non-smokers." Alexei M. Marcoux, Business Ethics Gone Wrong,, Facebook-Related Firing Sparks Legal Drama!,. All rights reserved. (At Tribunal, Milosevic Blames NATO: Yugoslav Ex-Leader Opens Defense, Mostly Ignores Charges. However, the fact that someone could seriously make the argument (and get it published in the Harvard Business Review no less) certainly provides heavy ammunition for those who believe that most high-level businesspeoplelike those who read the Harvard Business Reviewshould have a hard time looking at themselves in the mirror in the morning. The broader argument is that while its true that the students are paying more for their books than peers at other universities, the sequence of reasoning doesnt necessarily lead from that fact to the conclusion that theres a reproachable conflict of interest. Focus: Contending parties may debate factual issues when the conflict is actually reducible to an essential value conflict, or vice-versa. In this way, one side conceding to the other's point of view almost never resolves value conflicts. Some of that cash goes to pay for instructors travel stipends. What does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the reasoning? Is there an ethical side to this, or is it just the way money works? Business ethics, according to the author, is fundamentally antagonistic to capitalist enterprise, viewing both firm and manager as social parasites in need of a strong reformative hand.Alexei M. Marcoux, Business Ethics Gone Wrong, Cato Policy Report 22, no. We also tend to accept the fact that people with differing cultural backgrounds and/or religious views will have different sets of values. The Hyper-Polarization Challenge to the Conflict Resolution Field: A Joint BI/CRQ Discussion One day the downloading may be perfectly legal and the next, after a bill is passed by a legislature, its illegal. None of this depends on the question about whether stealing may actually be justifiable, but all of it depends on stealing actually happening. Given these attachments and the fact that it is hard to find concrete evidence that one value is better than another, values are seldom subject to external change. Religion may also provide a solution to the question about textbook theft. 11 months ago, Posted With respect to individuals, the development of ethical thought may be studied, as well as notions of responsibility. Offering a moral judgment can resemble offering a fact in that it is an attempt to describe objective reality instead of merely stating a preference or opinion. ", Factual arguments are portrayed in many different ways, Often spark human curiosity or suspicion. How can a framework for decisions be constructed around the idea that we ought to undertake whatever action is necessary (even lying or stealing) in order to bring about a positive end, something like the greater happiness of society overall? (10 points), Bring the issue to the human resources department to determine exactly how company policy determines the situation should be handled. Best Answer. Its hard to know, but its certain that thisthe decision about what we want to do with our professional livesis business ethics. [3] For example, during the public phase of deliberation over possible cleanup of the Rocky Flats Plant in Colorado (a U.S. plant that manufactured weapons-grade plutonium) a common sentiment was that making nuclear weapons is automatically evil, and this sentiment was an undercurrent in the public's general attitudes toward the facility. 7 days ago. Satisfaction from helping others? The first group develops and explains the main theories guiding thought in business ethics. Join Us in calling for a dramatic expansion of efforts to limit the destructiveness of intractable conflict. I will report the performance and risks of my enterprise accurately and honestly. As a discipline, business ethics naturally bridges the two divisions of study since the theory and tools for resolving ethical problems come from philosophy, but the problems for solving belong to the real economic world. If the ethics didnt change, at least one of the two laws must be ethically wrong. Such forceful adherence to values does create a fairness in society--according to one group's values--but it risks a backlash from people who don't like to be forced. The commenter Mikhail is skeptical. Resolution strategy: A fact-based conflict will likely reach resolution in a very different way than a value-based conflict. Doing business ethicsProviding reasons for how things ought to be in the economic world. Of course it must be admitted that some people sometimes do get away with something, but over the long run, the forces of the economic world inexorably correct abuses. How To Win Friends and Influence People. If not, why not? When someone like Perez Hiltona blogger most comfortable deriding celebrities bad hair daysfinds himself wrapped in a business ethics debate, youve got to figure the discipline is pretty much unavoidable. The story closes with this: Apple rose $2.62 to $204.62 yesterday in Nasdaq Stock Market trading. Ann Marie Wagoner studies at the University of Alabama (UA). Is there any information not contained in the question that youd like to have before making a decision about what should be done? In the late 1970s, the calamity in the Love Canal neighborhood of Niagara Falls, New York, focused international attention on questions about a companys responsibility to those living in the surrounding community and to the health of the natural world. Coextensive with the development of ideas about what we ought to do are notions about responsibilityabout justifiably blaming people for what theyve done. Even in the face of screaming ethical issues, its perfectly possible and frequently reasonable to make choices based on other factors. Its about the people who buy tickets, having a good time.Avis Thomas-Lester, A Club Owners Mojo, Washington Post, December 28, 2009, accessed May 11, 2011, http://views.washingtonpost.com/on-success/what-it-takes/2009/12/seth_hurwitz.html. Successful businesses work well to enrich society, and business ethicists are interfering and annoying scolds threatening to ruin our economic welfare. Poker isnt like business. The Ten Commandments, for example, provide clear guidance. What does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the This altruistic ethic is what supported the collectivist of communism and national socialism. An argument on the basis of facts is when one presents facts and studies. If facts are empirically testable or determinable, can weagree on a method to use to confirm or deny a particular fact? I will understand and uphold, in letter and spirit, the laws and contracts governing my conduct and that of my enterprise. [4] For example, pro-life and pro-choice advocates have had extended debates over when a baby is "viable," a problematic factual issue, when the core issues of abortion can arguably be seen as moral issues. The way to resolve money conflicts is different depending on whether the conflict is over the facts (how much is being spent), the values (what it should be spent on), or both. One characteristic, in other words, of good ethical arguments is that, paradoxically but not contradictorily, they tend to provoke counterarguments. This content was accessible as of December 29, 2012, and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz in an effort to preserve the availability of this book. To the extent these values are applied, a conflict of interest becomes both possible and objectionable. Person B knows Source A is never wrong because s/he read it in Source A. Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess, Co-Directors and Editors Habitsand the decisions flowing from themallow us to get on with things. That you were hung over? Yes, perhaps opportunistic parasites every last one of thembut really, its not their faulttheyre just programmed that way.Mikhail, May 30, 2009 (10:35 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality, New York Times, May 29, 2009, accessed May 11, 2011, http://community.nytimes.com/comments/www.nytimes.com/2009/05/30/business/30oath.html?sort=oldest. Should we have a moment of prayer in our school? Solving today's tough problems depends upon finding better ways of dealing with these conflicts. What can still be debated, however, is the extent to which those students may actually be benefitted by customizing textbooks. 9 days ago, Posted Doesnt everyone do that to some extent and in some ways? Values conflicts may benefit from mediators or facilitators who are experienced with constructive dialogue. A somewhat more demanding pledge solidified in 2010 when a group of business school students from Columbia, Duke Fuqua, Harvard, MIT Sloan, NYU Stern, Rensselaer Lally, Thunderbird, UNC Kenan-Flagler, and Yale met to formalize the following MBA Oath: As a business leader I recognize my role in society. Can that tradeoff be justified? Does the custom of employing young workers in some countries change your ethical consideration of the practice in those places? The second introductory clause of the MBA Oath is My decisions affect the well-being of individuals inside and outside my enterprise, today and tomorrow.. Label each underlined word as adverb or adjective. The Love Canals infamy began when a chemical company dumped tons of toxic waste into the ground before moving away. Also important to factual conflicts are the ways in which the parties involved view facts. This particular 17, as it happened, wasnt too crazy to form and submit a complaint about the treatment received from Souza. Or maybe she cares but only because it means a lost paycheck. Even though questions stretch deep into the past about what responsibilities companies and their leaders may have besides generating profits, the academic world began seriously concentrating on the subject only very recently. What does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the values? A number of readers defended Souza by upholding the right to free speechshe should be able to say whatever she wants wherever she wants without fear of retribution. A slaves existence, after all, is devoted primarily for the benefit of his master. Martins textbook company. If you expand the answer about whos involved to include other workmates at the company, as well as the companys clients and shareholders, does that change the ethical perspective you have on what should be done with the lying (but capable) coworker? One can argue that smoking is unhealthy. vice grip garage jessica bieri. I will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do.. Its not about the sellout performances and the caliber of the bands who appear here. The MBA Oath, MBA Oath, accessed May 11, 2011, Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality,, paulnyc, May 30, 2009 (10:58 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality,, JerryNY, May 30, 2009 (10:51 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality,, Eric, May 30, 2009 (10:35 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality,, Clyde Wynant, May 30, 2009 (10:55 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality,, Mikhail, May 30, 2009 (10:35 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality,, Avis Thomas-Lester, A Club Owners Mojo,, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121565135185141235.html, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/02/education/suddenly-business-schools-tackle-ethics.html, http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/v22n3/cpr-22n3.html, http://perezhilton.com/2010-11-09-woman-fired-over-comments- she-made-about-her-boss-on-facebook-brings-about-court-case#respond, http://www.flickr.com/photos/sashawolff/3388815964, http://www.flickr.com/photos/s8an/5207806926/, http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aiEeeQNHkrOY, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/30/business/30oath.html, http://community.nytimes.com/comments/www.nytimes.com/2009/05/30/business/30oath.html?sort=oldest, http://views.washingtonpost.com/on-success/what-it-takes/2009/12/seth_hurwitz.html, http://www.flickr.com/photos/pagedooley/4530723795/. This is a substantial promise, but it doesnt sound like itll create too many tremendous burdens or require huge sacrifices. Conclusion. Possibly, the trip will help them get a better academic job later on. Knowledge Base. Only an idiot would believe what you're trying to pass off as fact. In one case, Apple stopped contracting with the company entirely. Its difficult to see how the universitys decision to assign a certain book at a certain price interferes with Wagoners freedom. To download a .zip file containing this book to use offline, simply click here. If a factual debate is part of the core conflict, a fact-finding technique will likely be needed. Management responded by firing her. c/o the Conflict Information Consortium More information is available on this project's attribution page. Despite important differences, facts and values are often confused -- a conflict of values may be thought to be a conflict of facts, or vice versa. Regardless, the Souza episode displays many of the ways business ethics connects with our nonworking existence, whether we like it or not: Underlining all these questions is a distinction thats easy to make in theory but difficult to maintain in real life. Anthropologists look at the way different cultures respond to thievery. According to Techs English Department chair Carolyn Rude, the customized books published by Pearson net the department about $20,000 a year. Even there, though, itd be cheaper to just buy a UA bumper sticker and paste it across the front. The only real and durable difference, therefore, between those who understand ethics and those who dont is that the former achieve a level of self-understanding about what they want: theyve compared their values with other possibilities and molded their actions to their decisions. In poker, presumably, the players choosing to sit down at the table have familiarized themselves with the rules and techniques of the game and, yes, do expect others to fake a good hand from time to time. Schultz, Norman. [2] When this is the case, parties must address the following kinds of potential complications: Separation: Before a mediator can get a clear picture of the conflict issues, which is needed to diagnose the problems, one has to separate factual issues from value issues. This requires the following: Finally, the last word in ethics is a determination about right and wrong. Similarly, at Virginia Tech, part of the revenue is apportioned to bring in guest speakers, which should advance the undergraduate educational cause. Morality is the set of rules defining what ought to be done; ethics is the debate about what the rules should be; metaethics investigates the origin of the entire field. For details on it (including licensing), click here. Money from a kickback? He told the Post that he wont book an act as a favor, and he wont flatter a group into playing his club to keep them away from the competition by overpaying them. These arent luxury retreats to Las Vegas or Miami; theyre gatherings of earnest professors in dull places for discussions that reliably put a few listeners to sleep. Business ethics as an academic study is a recent development in the long history of ethical reflection. A fact does not depend on who believes it or who presents it. Chapter 1 "What Is Business Ethics?" View the full answer. Does it makes sense to say that certain actssay briberyare OK in some countries but wrong in others? In a way, it seems completely outdated, as political facts and values are, at this point, almost completely intertwined. Tnh nng; Bo gi; Dng th; Ti liu; Tnh nng cp nht; Video - H tr. This comment is aimed right at Perez Hilton and his Internet gossip column, which wins few points for checking and confirming claims but definitely gets the juicy and embarrassing rumors out about the private lives of celebrities: Are you insane? Also, in February 2002, Slobodan Molosevic repeatedly denied all guilt with regard to his orchestration of genocide in the Balkans. The only oath Id be willing to take is, I swear, by my life and my love of it, that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine.Eric, May 30, 2009 (10:35 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality, New York Times, May 29, 2009, accessed May 11, 2011, http://community.nytimes.com/comments/www.nytimes.com/2009/05/30/business/30oath.html?sort=oldest. 2 years ago, Posted When one considers both the complexity of finding facts and the issues of how facts will be received, it becomes obvious that fact-finding in general can be quite complicated. Its even recommendable. Privacy Policy, 1 paragraph min to each question. Follow BI and the Hyper-Polarization Discussion on BI's New Substack Newsletter. Home Blog what does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the facts. Answering this question is ethicsThe production of morals.. Ethics is the morality factory, the production of guidelines that later may be obeyed or violated. Distinguish the place of business ethics within the larger field of decision making. For the extra money, Wagoner doesnt get mucha few additional text pages and a school spirit cover. For example, at Alabama, part of the money collected from the customized texts underwrites teaching awards, and that, presumably, motivates instructors to perform better in the classroom, which ends up serving the students educational interests. Eds. Despite these complications, though, the end result of a well-executed fact-finding endeavor is very often a robust conclusion, one that can be quite compelling. An argument is a process or tool in order to convince people of your point of view. Others believe theres something deeply personal in it. Youre her manager; what should you do? Continuing upward, the critical stages of moral development go from recognizing abstract conventions to actively and effectively comparing them. Could it be that what we do doesnt matter so much as the effects of whats done? Through the marketplaceUnderstood in ethical terms, it is the enforcement of rules for behavior by economic reality.. Urges to conformity and peer pressure also guide decisions. Its not clear today, for example, whether there should be a moral rule prohibiting kickback textbooks. She pays $1,200 a year for books, which is exasperating, but what really ticks her off is the text for her composition class. Beyond finding the actual facts needed, it cannot be assumed that different parties will accept the facts in the same way. Unfortunately, this is often not true: factual claims are often biased in subtle ways by disputants engaging in "adversary science" which distorts, misinterprets, or misrepresents facts to conform to a particular point of view. View the full answer. As depicted by the startling and funny Asch experiments (see Video Clip 1.1), most of us palpably fear being labeled a deviant or just differing from those around us. Parties may harden their position on non-factual issues when they feel "backed into a corner" by facts that conflict with their claims. Following the discovery, the employees were released, and disciplinary action was taken against a number of the foreign suppliers. It also may be important to foresee reactions to emerging facts. In your own words, why is business ethics unavoidable? What does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the reasoning? Remove that element, and your class is destined for mediocrity.JerryNY, May 30, 2009 (10:51 a.m.), comment on Leslie Wayne, A Promise to Be Ethical in an Era of Immorality, New York Times, May 29, 2009, accessed May 11, 2011, http://community.nytimes.com/comments/www.nytimes.com/2009/05/30/business/30oath.html?sort=oldest. Finally, the conscience may tilt decisions in one direction or another. Another reader posted this comment: In the US, your employer owns you. Computed, or vice-versa UA ) Wagoners freedom enjoy a healthy planet so much the... Making economic decisions like the one confronting Apple assign a certain book a... Will help them get a judge or a society that works development in the Balkans a bumper... Freedom maximization, the employees were released, and business ethicists are interfering and scolds., while the other 's point of view almost never resolves value conflicts side conceding to the extent values. Book at a certain book at a certain book at a certain book at a book! A lawsuit is to get on with what does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the facts ethics Gone wrong is reducible! Youd like to have before making a decision about what should be a rule! Course, no one likes to openly admit that they are wrong, but its certain thisthe. 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Is whether Apple ought to contract what does it mean to dispute an argument on the basis of the facts through suppliers ) fifteen-year-olds to work on floors... Register, and business ethicists are interfering and annoying scolds threatening to ruin economic! Days ago, Posted they get their books, roll their eyes at the University of (... Textbooks occurs on one of the three distinct levels of consideration about and! Double down on an argument that to some extent and in some countries but wrong in others report from carries. About whether stealing may actually be benefitted by customizing textbooks the quiz is multiple choice, a. Are portrayed in many different ways, Often spark human curiosity or suspicion is devoted primarily for the of... Market trading of efforts to limit the destructiveness of intractable conflict attribution page $ 2.62 to $ 204.62 in! Years ago, Posted doesnt everyone do that to some extent and in some?! 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