In 2011 alone, Nigeria's fuel subsidy cost the country an estimated $8 billion and the price tag for 2012 was expected to be even greater. Nigeria was rated fourth in the world with the most international war deaths in 2016, according to the Global Peace Index. Finance Insecurity also increases security spending by business organizations. 1. The countrys annual profits have decreased, significantly impacting the countrys population. ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.rels In order to facilitate this collaboration, Memoranda of Understanding have been signed by several United Nations agencies; these agreements aim to clarify roles and responsibilities in emergency relief and rehabilitation programmes, and outline commitments to joint activities within agency competencies. Ethnicity: Nigeria, Africas colossus, is the worlds most populated black country. The history of State of Emergency in Nigerian politics began in 1962 when large-scale irregularities in the. The Nigeria insecurity situation can, and in many cases, actually halted business operations during the periods of violence and also caused the outright closure of many enterprises especially in the areas or zones where incidences of insecurity are rife and are on a daily occurrence, in a bid to protect lives of operators and business property. Corruption: Many of Nigerias issues are caused by corruption. It is, however, subject to abuse. ppt/slides/_rels/slide10.xml.rels In addition, the security situation remains serious in Nigeria. restrictions on the conduct of private businesses including financial transactions. Emergencies always occur without any warning. It is heartbreaking to learn that the government, which was established to strengthen the country and combat corruption, is taking from its citizens. The Siracusa Principles limit which rights can be infringed. The study has shown that tricycle has contributed significantly to the transportation system in Nigeria. What are the development issues in Nigeria? All of these values which made society secured and safe have all gradually been thrown away and lost. Nigerians are tired of going to the polls on election day only to discover that their ballots havent been counted. 1. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! We recognize that some internal factors have been enhanced and strengthened by the presence of external forces, but, there is no doubt that, if the internal situations did not present themselves, the external forces would be unable to infiltrate. . Violence is being perpetrated in northern Nigeria by a group known as Boko Haram, which is fighting for a state-controlled by Sharia Law. Emergency maintenance does not increase lifetime of equipment. On the upside, Nigeria benefits from its relatively large market size, which bears the potential for significant economics of scales; a relatively efficient labor market, driven by its flexibility, and a solid financial market following its gradual recovery. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide7.xml.rels This perception stems from the perception of marginalization by a section of the people, government development policies, and political offices and this has become a primary source of disaffection and resentment. But no matter what, one has to plan to overcome such emergency situations. Naturally, when it comes to ethnicity, Nigerians are extremely sensitive, with tempers frequently flaring and occasionally resorting to violence. This has made national security threat to be a major issue for the government and has prompted a huge allocation of the national budget to security. Power abuse may be found in practically every branch of the federal government. Normally, the official gazette will specify the extent and scope of the emergency powers. 25/03/2020. EM usually guides technicians to take preventive measures to prevent system from greater damages. These unexpected failures can be dangerous and might cause greater damage to health, safety as well as working environment. The process of developing visionary leadership can be challenging, but however, it can be overcome by using institutions of the Nigerian constitution as a nursery ground to produce leaders with national outlook and with a missionary zeal to transform the nation. Recommended: Best Programming Languages for Artificial Intelligence. Northerners continue to be suspicious of their southern counterparts, and vice versa. In an autonomous braking system, the first thing that will trip is the forward collision alert followed by the braking system. Pervasive Material Inequalities and Unfairness Greater awareness of disparities in life is a major root cause of insecurity in Nigeria. In many countries, the executive arm of the government declares a state of emergency. Therefore, efforts to tackle insecurity can only be effective if there is a robust combination of legislative and judicial interventions with government reforms that address some of the acute human security challenges confronting a vast majority of the population. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! Nigerian authorities must not use the state of emergency imposed in the north of the country as an excuse to commit human rights violations, Amnesty International urged today as the military continued its assault on Islamist armed group Boko Haram.Several people have reportedly been killed and hundreds . The following are some advantages of statelessness: As the server does not need to manage any session, deploying the services to any number of servers is possible, and so scalability will never be a problem; No states equals less complexity; no session (state) synchronize logic to handle at the . Insecurity limits market availability. Security problems can cut off the supply of such raw materials. k Q _rels/.rels ( J1mizY`Hfn2$ooDjc&0OScj0\c-;0Y)xb`Gk)WQ8.SBzM]bf4{o! (| ;v!xI*hFgV.&>8'-?6"8W[ PK ! World Bank on the investment climate in nine African countries in which it was found that 29% of business operators in Africa and 36% in Nigeria perceived insecurity as a major constraint on investment. There are over 3 million people internally displaced in Nigeria, forced to flee in their homes in the North-East by insurgency and conflict. In June, the rate of severe acute malnutrition was 19 per cent among children - the emergency threshold is 3 per cent. They were too absorbed with reading textbooks to see how what they had learned might be applied. "Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the President may by instrument published in the Official Gazette of the Government of the Federation issue a Proclamation of a state of emergency in the Federation or any part thereof". Every kid has the right to an education in a safe and healthy setting. In addition to the usual crimes, the coordinated attacks from the Boko Haram sect in the northern part of the country, besides making life miserable for Nigerians, have affected so many businesses operating in that region. I. According to a source, the females were between the ages of 17 and 18. Summary. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! This situation has the damaging consequence of giving a signal to the international community that Nigeria is not a safe and secure place and as such not suitable for investment and business activities. Chris Aluta, GMD, Protection plus Services Limited made this assertion while speaking on the topic Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development said that Security, however, can be described as stability and continuity of livelihood (stable and steady income), predictability of daily life (knowing what to expect), protection from crime (feeling safe), and freedom from psychological harm (safety or protection from emotional stress which results from the assurance of knowing that one is wanted, accepted, loved and protected in ones community or neighborhood and by people around. Disadvantages : Unpredictability is one of main disadvantages of Emergency maintenance as one does not when failure is going to occur. As mentioned above, a lack of preparation can . To begin, the government should put in place policies that have already been developed, such as a gender policy that aspires to achieve gender equality. According to Chris Aluta, insecurity is defined as the state of fear or anxiety, stemming from a concrete or alleged lack of protection. It refers to a lack of or inadequate freedom from danger. Even though the country has been together for almost a century, it has failed to fully integrate. This is in addition to the poor attitudinal and behavioral disposition of security personnel. Those who advocate for one tribes supremacy over others should be warned and potentially sanctioned. It can also lead to temporary suspension of the democratic order and pave the way for the ascendancy of anti-democratic forces. An analysis of Nigeria's health sector by state: recommendations for the expansion of the Hygeia Community Health Plan, Amsterdam Institute for International Development (AIID). Nigeria was ranked 144th out of 177 countries on Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index in 2013, making it one of the most corrupt countries in the world. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! There is a lot of debate about the Northern agenda and the Southern agenda, but not much about the Nigerian agenda., Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Conflict in Africa. Any engineer or contractor who does not complete his work properly should be held accountable. An inter-agency assessment mission fielded in Nigeria in May 2014 showed that between 2013 and 2014, in six states affected by the crisis (Adamawa, Borno, Bauchi, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe) the number of IDPs had . 12. Fikayo Olowolagba. EiEWG is a coordination forum functioning within the principles and . Nigerians and foreign watchdog groups describe accounts of candidates using thugs to steal ballot boxes and threaten voters during elections. The civil war can easily be traced back . In Nigeria, the variables range from theft to organized armed robbery, kidnapping and demand for ransom, assassination, repeated invasion and blockading of business installations, social injustice, unemployment, lack of access to livelihood resources, the rising cost of living, and bombing, pipelines destruction. It is only a temporary situation, in which action can be taken during dangerous or difficult situations. It is safe, secure, and can not . A nationwide state of national emergency was declared on 25 March 2020 at 12:21pm due to COVID-19 and was extended six times. Due to the impact of insecurity on businesses, we support the proposition that the government must ensure the availability of public security at all times. The judiciary ought to have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales for cases. This emanates from the cost of taking precautions and payment for private security services. It attempts to highlight the various policies guiding the activities of NEMA and those policies put out to stakeholders by NEMA as the coordinating body. Workflow of Emergency Maintenance (EM) : How to deal with Emergency Maintenance Situations? In addition, there should be a complete overhaul of the security institutions in the country to reflect international standards of best practices so as to pre-empt these security breaches. Published. Most urban areas in Nigeria have grown beyond their environmental carrying capacities and existing infrastructure and this has resulted in increased poor quality of the living conditions in urban areas in Nigeria. Several roads were closed due to the flooding. This effort will enhance the operational capabilities of the Nigerian security agencies by identifying avenues that would enable them to respond appropriately to internal security challenges and other threats. Donate now CDC and Nigeria partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020. The argument for this is that such leaders will help to mold the contending ethnic and religious groups into harmony and help to remove the perceived mutual distrust among them. Nigeria must continue to upgrade its infrastructure as well as improve its health and primary education. Given the porous borders as well as the weak and security system, weapons come easily into Nigeria from other countries. Nigeria runs a federal system a situation where the federating units are expected to enjoy autonomy. Graduates frequently have to stay in their parents houses for an extended period, leading to dissatisfaction and pessimism. Reconsider travel to Nigeria due to crime, terrorism, civil unrest, kidnapping, and maritime crime. Below are some of the difficulties impacting ethnicity in Nigeria, as well as proposed. Stealing was considered extremely disgraceful and lives were also highly valued). Human Resource When there is a high level of insecurity in a particular area or region, there will be migration of people which could lead to a dearth of skilled labor. Sub-sections 1 and 2 provides that the president may by instrument published in the . Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan has declared a state of emergency in three states after a series of deadly attacks by Islamist militant groups. The porosity of Nigerias borders has serious security implications for the country. The organization has kidnapped children and murdered Christians across the country. So what does an official declaration (either at the local or state level) actually do? In Nigeria, election tampering is not uncommon. Good governance good governance is the panacea for the insecurity challenge in Nigeria. Non-governing citizens are also judged guilty, even though they are supposed to be free of corruption. Many lives have been sacrificed as a result of land ownership disputes, and many more are likely to be lost until these concerns are resolved once and for all. Nigeria was the 33rd most corrupt country in 2013, mathematically. During the enforcement of emergency rule, however, these principles might not be adhered to. Due to the escalating costs of education (school fees, enrolment fees, the cost of books and other materials), students and even their parents will not want to be held behind by any type of deficit or failure in any of the needed topics, and would thus go to any length to avoid being held back. So, it is a strong disincentive to business investment as it scares away potential investors. Steps of Perform Emergency Maintenance Effectively, Different ways to reduce Emergency Maintenance Load, Advantages and Disadvantages of Corrective Maintenance (CM), Software Maintenance and Various Software Maintenance Tables, Advantages and disadvantages of Test Driven Development (TDD), Advantages and Disadvantages of Critical Path Method (CPM), Advantages and Disadvantages of Automated Testing, Advantages and Disadvantages of using Spiral Model, Advantages and Disadvantages of Incremental process model. In addition, when government decisions are products of subjective rather than objective considerations, states of emergency can be used to settle political scores or advance parochial interests. Many Nigerian graduates did not acquire useful skills during their education. Like in many other societies, the sources of insecurity in Nigeria have been traced to a number of factors and explained by different people. These factors have been classified or grouped into external and internal factors. Domestic output suffers as a result of these conditions, but frequent power outages also make it impossible for many international enterprises to do business in Nigeria. This is the case in Nigeria quite often. In Nigeria, the challenge is not so much about the insecurity of external sources, but rather that of internal sources. Uchenna Simeon does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Weak Security System This results from inadequate equipment for the security arm of government, both in weaponry and training. Nigeria is one of the countries in the world with very high rural/urban drift. in the light of Emergency Preparedness, Response and Disaster Management in Nigeria. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. j. The problem of Amalgamation: The British colonial authorities constructed Nigeria as a geographical place to make administration easier. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! The government officials tasked with combating corruption are unconcerned about what is expected of them. However, good governance is a function of effective, visionary, transparent, trustworthy, and credible political leadership whose driving force is an improvement in the collective wellbeing of the citizens through well-conceived, effectively implemented economic policies and human development programs. This generated heated debate about the legitimacy of declaring a state of emergency. This negativity is one of the main reasons for crime among Nigerian youth; they turn to illegal activities since they have nothing better to do with their time or money. The insecure environment of business refers to insecurity variables that affect the performance of a business but over which the business enterprise has little or no direct control. acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Data Structure & Algorithm-Self Paced(C++/JAVA), Android App Development with Kotlin(Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Differences between Black Box Testing vs White Box Testing, Software Engineering | Coupling and Cohesion, Functional vs Non Functional Requirements, Differences between Verification and Validation, Software Engineering | Classical Waterfall Model, Software Engineering | Requirements Engineering Process, Software Requirement Specification (SRS) Format, Software Engineering | Architectural Design, Difference between Alpha and Beta Testing, Software Engineering | Iterative Waterfall Model, Software Engineering | Introduction to Software Engineering, Difference between Spring and Spring Boot, Software Engineering | Quality Characteristics of a good SRS, Difference between High Level Design and Low Level Design, Class Diagram for Library Management System, Software Engineering | Requirements Elicitation, Software Engineering | Software Characteristics, Software Engineering | Seven Principles of software testing. All these variables of crimes and social maladies have made the Nigerian security environment to be complex. The use of violence to combat violence is unlikely to succeed in eliminating terrorism since it will result in the deaths of many innocent people. Struggle for power and Politics. Nigeria - a multiethnic nation of more than 160 million people - is also affected by a spate of conflicts over land, religion and oil. And even when these exist, some personnel get influenced by ethnic, religious, or communal sentiment and are easily swallowed by their personal interest to serve their people, rather than the nation. They apply for employment but are not recruited due to a lack of qualifications. List of States in Nigeria and their Capitals: Having looked at the number of states in Nigeria, let us look at their individual capital. There ought to have been a time to determine a cause; time to close that case; and time to deliver judgment and pass sentences. The essence of this provision is to enable the president to . ppt/slides/_rels/slide15.xml.rels It can be more costly than expense of regularly implementing preventive maintenance. Aluta pointed out that it is necessary to distinguish between different causes as each may require a different remedy. This is manifested by the incapacity of the government to deliver public services and to provide basic needs for the masses. the Government of Nigeria declared a state of emergency with the imposition of curfews. It can be declared for a number of reasons including civil unrest or a natural disaster, armed conflict or in a pandemic. Border settlement inside the country is still a work in progress. Thus, in the absence of any real threats to security, expenditures on security can be reduced significantly, allowing national and local governments to channel more resources to other public goods to improve the quality of life of the people. In addition to the fact that areas pruned to insecurity will not be attractive for marketers from outside, there will be restrictions on mobility. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! . 4 Anambra State - Awka. K= 7 ! No planning is involved and no tools and resources are collected that are required to resolve issues as such issues occur unexpectedly. Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Brain Drain in Nigeria. _En ] ppt/_rels/presentation.xml.rels ( N0&)ef`6d&FpDhImF'..| ahJWRMBHeV"&/ "4&W'tY:UIiL{KNKhKpc-Ox4 There is also the need to modernize the security agencies with training, intelligence sharing, advanced technology, logistics, motivation, and change of orientation. Every year, 200,000 students graduate from college, but many struggles to find jobs and turn to less-than-honorable means of sustenance. In their homes in the many countries, the first thing that will trip is worlds... 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